Black garlic is garlic fermented in high temperature and humidity, and the fermentation compound chemical in garlic changes to new chemicals, such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), S-allylmercapto-cysteine, and arginine. The color changed to dark brown during the aging period because of the Maillard reaction, known as non-enzymatic browning reaction. Black garlic has 57.14% of fructose, 6.78% of glucose, and 7.62% of sucrose, which were mainly saccharides in black garlic to answer for its sweet taste. It is such a pharmacological activity which contains antioxidant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, can improve the immune system, reduce hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and anti-allergic. We summarize the current knowledge of a change in the components, bioactivity, production, and applications of black garlic, as well as the proposed future prospects on their possible applications as a functional pharmacy product.
Selulit terjadi akibat perubahan pada jaringan adiposa yang menyebabkan fibrosklerosis, sehingga kulit nampak seperti kulit jeruk. Kafein merupakan zat yang aman dan efektif untuk mengobati selulit, namun sulit berpenetrasi melewati stratum korneum. Asam glikolat memiliki kemampuan meningkatkan penetrasi perkutan dengan mengurangi kohesi seluler antar keratinosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam glikolat terhadap penetrasi kafein dalam sediaan gel. Gel terdiri dari kafein 1,5%, asam glikolat 5%, karbopol 2%, trietanolamin 0,5%, metilparaben 0,02%, propilparaben 0,01%, propilenglikol 15%, dan air. Formula 1 tidak mengandung asam glikolat dan formula 2 mengandung asam glikolat 5%. Sediaan dievaluasi selama 28 hari, meliputi: organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, dan uji penetrasi secara in vitro menggunakan difusi Franz selama 6 jam dan dibandingkan dengan gel antiselulit yang sudah beredar di pasaran. Gel kafein terbukti stabil pada berbagai suhu penyimpanan dan cycling test. Jumlah kafein terpenetrasi pada sediaan gel pembanding, formula 1, dan formula 2 adalah 105,302; 173,241; dan 346,577 µg/cm 2 . Hasil menunjukkan asam glikolat mampu meningkatkan penetrasi kafein perkutan dalam sediaan gel.
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