Consequently, MET- and IRI-loaded PLGA NPs may be a promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.

IntroductionEssential oils are complex volatile natural compounds formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. They are an important source of potential therapeutic compounds (Sherry et al., 2013). Essential oil constituents from aromatic herbs and dietary plants include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and phenolics, among others (Bhalla et al., 2013).Sesquiterpenes, which are one of the most common terpenes, are a class of natural products with a diverse range of attractive industrial properties (Wang et al., 2011;Scalcinati et al., 2012). They are compounds containing 3 isoprene units, which have 15 carbons and 24 hydrogens per molecule (C 15 H 24 ). There are more than 10,000 kinds of sesquiterpenes (Davis and Croteau, 2000). They have long been investigated for biological activities including anticarcinogenic (

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Background:Marginal leakage is the important factor influencing the maintenance of dental esthetic.Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the preparation techniques and type of polymerization techniques on microleakage of composite laminate veneers.Materials and Methods:Ninety-one same sized, caries-free human maxillary central incisors were randomly assigned to 13 groups (n = 7) and were designed with four different preparation techniques (window type, feather type, bevel type, and incisal overlap type). One group determined as control group and any preparation was applied. Nanohybrid resin composite was used for restoration. Composite laminate veneers polymerized with three different techniques (direct light curing, indirect polymerization with a combination of pressure, light and heat using a light cup and heat cup, direct polymerization, and additionally heat cured in an oven). The specimens were thermocycled, and then immersed in 5% basic fuchsine solution. Following 24 h, all specimens were immersed in 65% nitric acid solutions for volumetric dye extraction test. Samples diluted with distilled water and centrifuged and microleakage determined by a spectrophotometer.Statistical Analysis Used:Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference post hoc multiple comparisons test (P < 0.05).Results:For comparing the microleakage value of preparation and polymerization techniques, Window type preparation showed a significant difference in direct polymerization + additional cured group (P < 0.05). Control group was statistically different from the other groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Window type laminate preparation can be preferred in indirect polymerization technique because it caused less leakage in this present study.

Sesquiterpenes have attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against oxidative damage that may be the cause of many diseases including several neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Our previous unpublished work suggested that cyclosativene (CSV), a tetracyclic sesquiterpene, has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic features. However, little is known about the effects of CSV on oxidative stress induced neurotoxicity. We used hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) exposure for 6 h to model oxidative stress. Therefore, this experimental design allowed us to explore the neuroprotective potential of CSV in H 2 O 2 -induced toxicity in newborn rat cerebral cortex cell cultures for the first time. For this aim, MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to evaluate oxidative changes. In addition to determining of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, the single cell gel electrophoresis (or Comet assay) was also performed for measuring the resistance of neuronal DNA to H 2 O 2 -induced challenge. Our results showed that survival and TAC levels of the cells decreased, while TOS, 8-OH-dG levels and the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage (Comet assay) increased in the H 2 O 2 alone treated cultures. But pretreatment of CSV suppressed the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress which were increased by H 2 O 2 . On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that CSV as a natural product with an antioxidant capacity in mitigating oxidative injuries in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.