The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods to detect fish adulteration. Muscles of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (SS) and Salmon trout (Onconrhynchus mykiss) (OM) muscles were mixed in different percentages and transformed into mini-burgers. These were stored at 3 °C, then examined at 0, 72, 160, and 240 h for deteriorative microorganisms. Mini-burgers was submitted to Soxhlet extraction, following which lipid extracts were analyzed by FTIR. The principal component analysis (PCA) described the studied adulteration using four principal components with an explained variance of 95.60%. PCA showed that the absorbance in the spectral region from 721, 1097, 1370, 1464, 1655, 2805, to 2935, 3009 cm−1 may be attributed to biochemical fingerprints related to differences between SS and OM. The partial least squares regression (PLS-R) predicted the presence/absence of adulteration in fish samples of an external set with high accuracy. The proposed methods have the advantage of allowing quick measurements, despite the storage time of the adulterated fish. FTIR combined with chemometrics showed that a methodology to identify the adulteration of SS with OM can be established, even when stored for different periods of time.
Neste estudo procurou-se mapear a produção de artigos científicos com foco no subcampo científico do turismo na região do Douro, tentando compreender os aspetos e dimensões que têm vindo a ser destacados e privilegiados na produção indexada nas bases de dados WoS e Scopus, entre 2000 e 2018. Pretende-se assim, apresentar uma visão sobre a produção científica que explora uma região turística emergente, servindo de base para futuras investigações académicas do turismo no Douro. De um modo geral, uma parte dos estudos enquadra-se na perspetiva do turismo enquanto motor de desenvolvimento regional. Ficou claro que o número de publicações nestas revistas com indexação tem aumentado significativamente desde o ano de 2013. Persiste uma tendência de os autores explorarem temas relacionados com gestão, network e marketing. Destacam-se ainda, estudos recentes na área das novas tecnologias, que visam melhorar a experiência dos visitantes da região.
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