Capsule Across the European wintering range Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica lapponica selected polychaete worms and especially Ragworms Hediste diversicolor, with differences between areas due to variations in prey availability. Aims To determine the diet of Bar-tailed Godwits across their wintering range in Europe by the analysis of droppings, collected at five important wintering sites. Methods Diet was estimated by the identification of undigested prey remains in droppings. We provide the rationale for quantifying the contributions of jawed and non-jawed polychaetes. Results We identified 18 different prey species in the diet of wintering Bar-tailed Godwits. The Ragworm was the most common prey item and the only one actively selected. Ragworms, on average, contributed 79% to the diet in terms of biomass, followed by King Ragworm Alitta virens (with 17% biomass) and Lugworms Arenicola marina (with 2%). Polychaetes such as Alitta succinea and Scoloplos armiger were also regularly found in the diet. Bivalves, snails and crustaceans contributed less than 1% to the diet. Conclusion This study highlights and confirms the importance of polychaete worms in the diet of European-wintering Bar-tailed Godwits.

Pulau Bangka merupakan sebuah pulau di wilayah barat Indonesia yang berpotensi sebagai habitat yang baik bagi burung pantai. Keberadaan burung pantai di Pulau Bangka pernah tercatat dalam penelitian terdahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komunitas, indeks ekologi, dan frekuensi kehadiran burung pantai. Penelitian dilakukan di Pantai Pukan pada bulan Agustus sampai September 2020. Metode concentration count digunakan dalam pengambilan data burung pantai. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 7 spesies burung air yaitu Ixobrychus flavicollis, Charadrius javanicus, Charadrius mongolus, Numenius phaeopus, Tringa nebularia, Actitis hypoleucos, dan Gelochelidon nilotica dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener 1,317; indeks kemerataan spesies 0,677; dan indeks kelimpahan spesies 0,328. Frekuensi kehadiran burung air yaitu: (1) sangat jarang: Ixobrychus flavicollis, (2) jarang: Numenius phaeopus, Tringa nebularia, Actitis hypoleucos, Gelochelidon nilotica, (3) sedang: Charadrius mongolus, dan (4) absolut: Charadrius javanicus.

Salmonella bacteria is a pathogenic bacterium that can multiply in the digestive tract of animals and humans. The presence of Salmonella in the digestive system causes Salmonella contamination is often associated with the mouth through food contaminated with Salmonella. The Center for Science in The Public Interest (CSPI) states that chicken meat ranks first in food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella. This study aims to calculate the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in chicken carcass in traditional markets, Pangkalpinang. The method used is descriptive with quantitative survey methods. The results showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in Pagi market, Putih market, and Ratu Tunggal market were 41.2%, 50% and 0%.

Avian frugivores or Fruit-eating birds have an important role in spreading plant seeds so that they can maintain stability and continuation of nature. The forest of the bangka belitung university has a vast forest area and quite high diversity. Data related to avian frugivores at Bangka Belitung University has never been published. This study aims to determine the diversity and distribution of fruit-eating birds in the Bangka Belitung University campus forest. This research was conducted at ten observation points using the Point count method. The point count method is the observation method at a predetermined location where the researcher stands at a research point with a fixed period of time. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, there were 182 individuals belonging to 20 species and 9 families found at 10 observation points. There are three families belonging to the group of fruit-eating birds namely Columbidae, Dicaeidae and Pycnonotidae with a percentage of 77%. The most abundant fruit-eating bird species is Pycnonotus aurigaster. The highest diversity level was found at the 4th observation point, while based on the number of individuals fruit-eating birds were found at the 10th observation point. This is because the two locations have structures and compositions that can support the life of avian frugivores

Unregistered polygamous marriage carried out by civil servants has serious implication for wives’ financial problem, social fate and loss of children’s welfare. The Marriage Law allows polygamy with very strict requirements. In the Government Regulation governing civil servant polygamy, justice is the main requirement in polygamy, because it really determines welfare in polygamy families. Based on the results of in-depth interviews and participant observation by using the constructivism paradigm and socio-legal approaches, it was found that unregistered polygamous marriages carried out by civil servants have implication for the disciplinary punishment of employees, so the polygamists got the sack. This implies their family economic problems, because there is not enough income to meet the needs of family life. Finally, neglect and divorce occur. Wives and children will be victims. Hence, it is necessary for the government to regulate particular policies for the polygamists of civil servants, to save their wives and children’s life. Firing the polygamists is not such a solution, but will instead create more complicated problems for their families.