Coconut oil is one of the vegetable oils that became potential export product in Indonesia. Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia are three of the biggest exporters of coconut oil in ASEAN, by knowing their position in the Internastional trade of Coconut Oil it become an evauation for the sustainability of the Indonesia’s coconut oil trade.,The aims of this research are knowing the position of Coconut Oil (Crude Coconut Oil with HS Code 151311 and Its derivative with HS code 151319) compared to the competitors during 2001 to 2017 by using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Acceleration Ratio (AR), Trade Specialization Index (ISP) and Export Similarity Index (ESI) for adding information about the similarity of the export structure of coconut oil from Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia to the world market. The results of the research show that Indonesia has high competitiveness, and has the highest acceleration in the growth of Crude Coconut Oil’s exports (HS Code 151311) compared to the Philippines and Malaysia. Meanwhile, Indonesia and Philipines have a higher similarity market of coconut oil than Indonesia and Malaysia. Indonesia should increase the capacity industries for derivative of crude coconut oil (HS code 151319) so it could increase volume and value export because it has a higher benefit than crude coconut oil.

In the framework of ASEAN+3 integration, Indonesian horticultural trade is facing a dilemmatic position. Being in the middle of a fi erce competition with benchmark countries, it is important that Indonesia gain the highest profi t from its integration strategy. Evaluation is n of needed to investigate Indonesian's position in ASEAN +3 horticultural markets and the sustainability of specifi c trading prospect on each member country. Therefore, this study aims to investigate competitiveness and similarity of Indonesian horticultural export structure in intra-ASEAN+3. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis shows that Indonesian horticulture does not have aggregate competitiveness in ASEAN+3 market. The average of Indonesian RCA decreased from 1,64 in ASEAN level during 1999-2014 to 0,45 in ASEAN+3 level. In addition, based on Export Similarity Index (ESI) analysis, Indonesia has the highest and the most consistent similarity of horticultural export structure with Singapore, both in ASEAN and ASEAN+3 level. Meanwhile, Thailand has the highest level of export structure similarity in ASEAN with ESI index of 93,77. Integration of ASEAN+3 has led to an alteration in trading scheme in which ESI with each member country generally decrease. The highest level of export structure similarity occurs with Singapore with ESI index of 85,95. Overall, the trade of horticultural commodity in the framework of ASEAN+3 integration is dominated by export structure similarity which may lead to a competition between the members of ASEAN+3. Keywords

The stipulation of the covid-19 virus as a global pandemic has resulted in massive changes in all aspects of life for the world community. The increasing number of cases of covid-19 transmission accompanied by an increasingly significant number of deaths has an impact on the imposition of social distancing or physical distancing in a number of countries. This has led to changes in the order of life of the Indonesian people, especially the socioeconomic conditions of the Indonesian people which have experienced a lot of decline, so that it requires efforts to empower them. PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) is an approach to community empowerment that involves active community participation. It's just that, during the Covid-19 Pandemic, PRA experienced problems in its implementation because of the physical distancing policy. Therefore, this paper will explain the actualization of PRA during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper originates from a qualitative research conducted in Karanglo Village, Klaten Regency, Central Java. The method of data collection is done by using the method of observation, interviews, and document studies using data triangulation techniques as a method of data validity. This research focuses on: (1) Implementation of the PRA approach in the empowerment process of the Karanglo village community during the Covid-19 pandemic, (2) The results of the identification of problems and potentials of the Karanglo village community originating from the PRA process carried out, (3) Opportunities and challenges of implementing PRA during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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The distribution of refined sugar (RS) for small and medium industries (SMI) of the food has suffered a lot of misappropriation. To overcome it, the government will implement the auction system. The purposes of this research are 1) to identify conditions and problems the distribution of RS for SMI of food; 2) to know the readiness of SMI of food in facing RS auction system; and 3) to provide recommendations for improvement of the RS auction system. This research was conducted in Yogyakarta Province on November 2017. Research respondents are Industry and Trade Offices in DIY, food association, SMI of food and RS distributors. The problems in the distribution of RS are SMI didn’t know about the rules of RS distribution, the distribution of RS is not according to government regulations and the food association was unable to accommodate the trade of RS. SMI hasn’t been able to participate in the auction system so it needs 1) the government conducts of socialization and supervision of the RS trading system; 2) SMI establishes business units and obtain capital facilitations and 3) the government gives authorizes for BULOG to distribute RS.