Plants growing in soil containing heavy metal polutan such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) will be stunted, and increase production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In dealing with the excess amount of ROS, plants have an enzymatic defense system, using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxide (APX). The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the Sonchus oleraceus (Linnaeus, 1753) plant response to heavy metals stress, seen from the growth and antioxidative defense enzymatically. Research carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates. The metal treatment was 10 mg ⋅ L −1 . The presence of heavy metals in the growing medium significantly decreased the plant height and leaf area, so the impact is on the weight of wet and dry weight. The metal treatments of Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu increase the activity of SOD and APX enzymes but decrease the activity of the CAT enzyme. Chromium is a metal that has a significant influence on the growth and activity of SOD, APX, and CAT enzymes in S. oleraceus.

Stephen Hawking’s theory “M” posits that the universe was formed without the assistance of God. This paper elaborates the qur’anic position on Hawking’s idea by analyzing the qur’anic scientific interpretation of universe creation. Therefore, the literature review was utilized to collect as much data as feasible, which was then evaluated using the descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study indicate that Stephen Hawking’s “M” hypothesis has three faults, which constitute a scientific critique of the interpretation of Qur’anic texts relating to the earth and sky. The three faults are: 1) Earth and sky were not created without God’s intervention, as Hawking claimed, but by the will and strength of Allah. This finding is stated in the interpretation of Surah Al-Anbiya’ verse 30, Al-Fushshilat verse 10, and Al-A’raf verse 54. 2) Hawking’s concept of creation is inappropriate since it is based on the rationalism of liberal thought. The natural creation process described in the Qur’an, scientifically proved by science, differs from Hawking’s claim. 3) Hawking’s idea of a mechanism for creating the heavens and the earth is not suitable with the scientific facts regarding them stated in the Qur’an’s scientific interpretation