This paper analyzed three-level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMLI) utilizing two modulation techniques namely Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM

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Significant to a major pollution contrib utor in passenger vehicles, electric vehicles are more acceptab le to use on the road. Electric Vehicles (EVs) b urn energy b ased on the usage of the b attery. The usage of the b attery in EVs is monitored and controlle d b y Battery Management System (BMS). A few factors monitor and control Battery Management System (BMS). This paper reviewed the b attery charging technology and Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) development as a Hyb rid Battery Management System (H-BMS) for Electric Vehicle (EV).

This paper discuss about the development of Proportional and Integral (PI) controller for disc speed by involving the disturbance at the feedback control. The effect of the disturbance to the disc speed system is eliminated by Proportional and Integral (PI) controller. The PI controller is tuned heuristically from the MATLAB/simulink at which integrated with the disc plant. The performance of the disc plant is analyzed in real-time. Based on the analysis in real-time, this paper shows that the performance of the PI controller with disturbance and without disturbance. The result with disturbance shows that the output response quite closes to the result without disturbance even though the overshoot is about 8 percent. By the way, the rise time and settling time of the disc speed with disturbance is reduced for the time less than 0.01 and 0.95 seconds each. From the results with and without disturbance, this paper concludes that the development of PI controller for this speed in simulation give less error about 0.02 compared to the real-time system.

This paper presented a reliability model for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) based on redundancy concept. The redundancy concept discusses the serial and parallel reliability model for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). RTU works on the success of reliability model. The reliability performance is measured by tracking the diverse sorts of failures alongside the quantity of failures that is accumulated by a RTU. The reliability model was evaluated based on reliability distributions namely Exponential, Binomial, and Poisson reliability distributions.