Retinopati diabetik merupakan komplikasi neurovaskular yang terjadi pada diabetes baik diabetes tipe 1 maupun diabetes tipe 2. Retinopati diabetik terdiri dari retinopati diabetik non proliferatif (RDNP) dan retinopati diabetik proliferatif (RDP). Kejadian retinopati diabetik dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah indeks massa tubuh. Beberapa penelitian terkait indeks massa tubuh terhadap derajat retinopati diabetik masih memberikan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat retinopati diabetik. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2021 di Klinik Mata SMEC Samarinda. Data diperoleh dari 52 pasien retinopati diabetik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan untuk menilai indeks massa tubuh secara langsung serta lembar rekam medik untuk melihat derajat retinopati diabetik. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan diperoleh nilai p=0,746 (p>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan tidak adanya hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan derajat retinopati diabetik.

The inquiry on leadership communication is one of the most frequent research topics on leadership. Studies of leadership have become both appealing and demanding subjects since the act of leaders, their strategies will determine the future development of a state or country. Leadership is a behavior carried out by communication, in which communication clarifies perceptions of a leader's charisma. Communication style in relation to leadership becomes a relevant subject to discuss as it is one of the characteristics of highly effective leaders. This paper is a comparative study of verbal rhetoric and leadership styles between two non-western leaders, PM of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad and Najib Razak. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the spoken discourse of the two Malaysian Prime Minister. This study employed a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. This approach was applied to describe a language or discourse; sought to describe how language is used persuasively in speeches. This present study adopted Aristotle's three modes of persuasion, namely: providing facts (logos), appealing people's emotions (pathos) and projecting credibility (ethos). The primary data were taken from the video streaming website YouTube, while various sources such as Internet sites, journals, and books as secondary data were used to support the primary data. This study also utilized a historical approach purposefully to analyze the data according to the following year:

Myopia is refractive abnormality which occurs when eyes are relax and the lights come in parallel, will be refracted at one point in front of the retina. The most significant risk factors for myopia are near work activities. In addition,  spending time outdoors  has been reported to reduce the risk of developing myopia. The research aimed to identify the differences of Risk Factors of myopia in Medicine student with Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation in University of Mulawarman Samarinda. This research was an analytic observasional study with Cross Sectional research design. The research subject were 162 students consisted of 81 Medicine student and 81 Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation by using techniques stratified random sampling. Mann Whitney test was used to analyze the result of the research. The results of this research showed that 58 people (71.6%) were female and 19 years old as many as 28 people (34.6%) more commonly found in Medicine student that in Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation. The majority of students did near work activities which were not good at 77 people (95,1%) in Medicine student and 74 people (91.4%) in Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation. Good outdoor activities were more for Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation, which was 74 people (91.4%). 49 people (60.5%) had myopia with mild level as much 41 people (83.7%) in Medicine student. The different test showed a value p=0.350 for near work activities, and p=0.000 for outdoor activities and the frequency of myopia. It can be concluded that there was no difference in near vision activities and there was a difference in outdoor activities and the frequency of myopia on Medicine student with Student of Physical Education, Medical and Recreation in University of Mulawarman Samarinda.

AbstrakMinyak wijen (MW) yang banyak mengandung polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) berfungsi menurunkan kadar lipid serum melalui induksi β oksidasi di mitokondria. Proses ini menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa radikal bebas. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) diketahui menghambat aktifitas radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek sinergisme MW dan α-tocopherol dalam menghambat steatosis yang diakibatkan keadaan hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa diperoleh perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) terutama dosis MW 1,2 ml pada semua parameter antara kelompok hiperkolesterol, MW dan MW+α-tocopherol. Kadar kolesterol kelompok hiperkolesterol (140,925±10,5) AbstractSesame oil (MW) contains great numbers of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that functioned to decrease the level of serum lipid by induction of β oxidize in mitochondria. This process produce secondary product, i.e. free radical. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) was known as the inhibitor of free radical activity. This study was aimed to verify the synergism effect of sesame oil and α-tocopherol in inhibiting steatosis which caused by hypercholesterol condition. The results showed that there is significant difference (p<0,05) especially for MW doses of 1,2 ml on all parameters among hypercholesterol groups, MW and MW+α-tocopherol. Cholesterol level of hypercholesterol group is 140.925±10.5 mg/dl, while MW group is 93.845±4.37 mg/dl and MW+α-tocopherol group for 92.90±8.5 mg/dl. Triglyceride level of hypercholesterol groups is 154.78±11.09 mg/dl, MW group for 184.64±3.87 mg/dl, and MW+α-tochopherol group for 66.89 ± 6.03 mg/dl. Level of MDA in MW groups is 0.257±0.013 nmol/mg protein, hypercholesterol group for 0.847±0.036 nmol/mg protein and MW+α-tocopherol group combination is 0.092±0.006 nmol/mg protein.Level of SOD on MW+α-tocopherol treatment was 253.82±16.63) U/mg protein, MW treatment of 208.7±11.27 U/mg protein, and hypercholesterol treatment for 139.7±2.82 U/mg protein. Histology of steatosis was found more in hypercolesterol group along with inflammation, while on combination group of MW+α-tochopherol showed the lowest steatosis in the histology.

Smartphones which are very useful in human life can cause health related problem due to excessive and improper use. The improper duration and distance when using smartphone will cause symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This study used a cross – sectional approach with an observational analytic research design to determine the relationship between duration and distance of smartphone's usage with the symptoms of CVS in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. Sources of research data in this study is primary data obtained through questionnaires with a Google form. The sample in this research is students of Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, which amounted to 177 students consisting of Study Programs of Medicine, Dentistry, and D-3 Nursing. Bivariate analysis was done using Chi – Square test. The results of the research showed that many students of the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda experienced symptoms of CVS (82.5%), the symptoms of CVS is experienced by many students (73,4%) who use a smartphone with duration of  ? 4 hours / day (p = 0.000) and 59.9% viewing distance of < 29,2 cm (p = 0.001). It was concluded that there is a relationship between the duration and distance of smartphone’s usage with the symptoms of CVS in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda Key Words : Duration, Viewing Distance, Computer Vision Syndrome, Smartphone