Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) is one of Indonesian plant used for traditional medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Parijoto on T47D cells. Therefore, we intended to know the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these fractions in 4T1 cell line (a Mus musculus mammary carcinoma). This cancer causes the greatest number of cancer-related deaths This study also investigated the correlation between antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Parijoto fractions. Discovering the type of correlation between antioxidant and anticancer activity of botanical extracts could relieve in screening for cytotoxic agent from natural products. The antioxidant and cytotoxic activity investigated using the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methods. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction is the higher antioxidant activity (IC50:1.77 μg/mL) and the higher cytotoxicity (IC50:133.57 μg/mL). There was a strong positive correlation (correlation coefficient=0.957) between antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in 4T1 cell line, but the correlation was not significant (p=0.188).Keywords: Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume), antioxidant, cytotoxic, 4T1 cell line.

Paparan radikal bebas dari sinar UV, polusi udara, dan bahan kimia pada kosmetik dapat memicu penuaan dini. Kulit jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis L.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenol sebagai antioksidan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melawan dampak buruk radikal bebas pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit jeruk manis, memformulasikan ekstrak dalam sediaan spray gel, dan mengukur aktivitas antioksidan sediaan. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Pengukuran nilai absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang maksimum 514,6 nm. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai % inhibisi, persamaan regresi linear, dan LC50 sampel ekstrak kulit jeruk manis, sediaan spray gel, dan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan ekstrak kulit jeruk manis, sediaan spray gel, dan vitamin C memiliki IC50 berturut-turut sebesar 285 ppm, 2437 ppm, dan 0,689 ppm. Spray gel yang dihasilkan berbentuk cair agak kental, tidak terjadi pemisahan fase, homogen, memiliki waktu kering 2 menit 42 detik, dan daya sebar 5,32 cm. Uji stabilitas sediaan diperoleh nilai pH 4,5 - 6,5 yang menunjukkan bahwa sediaan stabil dan viskositas di bawah 150 cP. Ekstrak kulit jeruk manis dan sediaan spray gel ekstrak jeruk manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lemah dan stabilitas yang baik.

Background: Parijoto, one of the melastomaceae family, has been known to have cytotoxic activity in some cancer cell lines, such as HeLa, MCF-7, and T47D. Aims: We aim to know about the selectivity of ethanol extract of Parijoto fruit in cell line HepG2, WiDr, 4T1, and Vero. Cytotoxic was determined by MTT assay. Method: Extract was added in three serial concentration three serial concentrations (125 µg/mL–500 µg/mL), while the positive  control doxorubicin gives in 2,5 µg/mL – 20 µg/mL for cancer cell and 40 µg/mL -100 µg/mL for Vero cell.  Results: Results showed that ethanol extract of parijoto fruit gave low activity in HepG2 and Vero cell (IC50: 250 µg/mL) and moderate activity in WiDr and 4T1 (IC50: 81,58 µg/mL and 158,72 µg/mL). Conclusion: The highest selectivity index is given in WiDr cell (SI> 3) means that the ethanol extract of parijoto fruit is a promising cytotoxic agent for colorectal cancer therapy.

<p align="center">     Isonicotinyl hydrazine (isoniazid) is the most effective drug for antituberculosis treatment. During the metabolism process of isoniazid, some reactive metabolites might be generated. Thus reactive metabolite possibly responsible for several side effect through the mechanism of oxidative stress. Some of the side effects are liver damage, kidney damage, and autoimmune disorder characterized by decreased TCD4+/TCD8+ cell ratio.</p><pre>               Noni (<em>Morinda citrifolia</em> L.) contains phenolic compounds such as scopoletin, quercetin, and rutin, which have various biological activities including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds is through the mechanism of radical scavenging, inhibit formation of free radicals, therefore tissue damage can be prevented.</pre><p>The purpose of this study was to determine chemical constituens of non <em>n</em>-hexane fraction of Noni fruit extract (test sample) and to determine whether test sample can reduce the side effect of isoniazid by measuring ALT activity, creatinine level, and TCD4+/TCD8+ cell ratio. Total 35 <em>Wistar</em> rats, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 7 groups. Group I as normal control group received 0.25% DMSO, group II received isoniazid 150 mg/kgBW, group III received ethanol extract of Noni fruit 250 mg/kgBW, group IV received isoniazid 150 mg/kgBW + test sample 15 mg/kgBW, group V received isoniazid 150 mg/kgBW + test sample 30 mg/kgBW,  group VI received isoniazid 150 mg/kgBW + test sample 75 mg/kgBW, and group VII received test sample 75 mg/kgBW, each with a volume of 20 mL/kg per oral/day for 8 weeks. Blood samples was collected at weeks 0, 4, 6 and 8 to evaluate the ALT activity, creatinine level, and TCD4+/TCD8+ cell ratio taken. Chemical constituens of test sample was conducted using TLC method.</p>Qualitative analysis indicated that test sample contains alkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid compound. Test sample could reduce ALT level and increase TCD4+/TCD8+ cell ratio, but couldn’t reduce creatinine level of isoniazide-induced female <em>Wistar</em> rat.

Along with the rapid development of herbal medicine formulas, an appropriate drug delivery system is needed to increase its bioavailability. One of them was used the phytosome. As a delivery system, it was known to be able to increase the bioavailability of phytomedicine by increasing the permeability of herbal compounds on cell membranes so the absorption of the compound will be increased. In its development, the phytosome formula was effective for delivering cytotoxic agent compounds, such as quercetin, diosgenin, icariin, tocopherol, and others. Besides, some of these formulas have also been commercialized and patented. The effectiveness and ease of manufacture have made phytosomes a promising drug delivery system in the development of cytotoxic drugs.