Cold application was recommended prior to chest tube removal to reduce the pain owing to removal of chest tube.

The purpose of the study is to determine the level of ethical sensitivity and related factors of nurses working in the hospital settings. This descriptive study was conducted at a public hospital and a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey between April-July 2012. A total of 111 nurses participated in the study. The data were collected using a data collection tool consisting of two parts. The first part consisted of questions that determined the nurses' personal and socio-demographic characteristics. The second part comprised of "Byrd's Nurses Ethical Sensitivity Test". The data were evaluated by using frequency , percentage, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Of the 111 nurses, 39,7% had a work experience of 1-3 years, 51,4% was married and 38,7% did not have ethics education. Education levels of most of the nurses (62,2%) were bachelor's degree. The mean ethical sensitivity score of nurses was 21,12±2,85. "It was determined that ethical sensitivity of nurses was found to be higher in those that had ethics education, older age group, and had bachelor's degree than others (p<0,05)". The mean ethical sensitivity score of nurses was of medium level. It is concluded that ethical sensitivity was influenced by ethics education , age groups, and educational background. Sensibilidad ética y factores relacionados con el trabajo de enfermera/o en hospitales Resumen: El propósito de este estudio es determinar el nivel de sensibilidad ética y los factores relacionados con el trabajo de enfermero/a en Hospitales. Este estudio descriptivo se realizó en un Hospital público y un Hospital universitario en Ankara, Turquía entre los meses de Abril y Julio en el 2012. Participaron en el estudio un total de 111 enfermeras/os. Los datos se recolectaron usando una herramienta de recogida de datos que consiste en dos partes. La primera parte consistía de preguntas para determinar las características personales y socio-demográficas de las/os enfermeras/os. La segunda parte consistía en la Prueba de sensibilidad ética de "Byrd". Se evaluaron los datos usando porcentajes, frecuencias, t-test y ANOVA en una direc-ción. De las/os 111 enfermeras/os, 39,7% tenían una experiencia de trabajo de 1 a 3 años, 51,4% casados y 38,7% no tenía educación ética. El nivel de educación de la mayoría de las/os enfermeras/os (62,2%) era de licenciatura. El puntaje medio en sensibilidad ética fue de 21,12±2,85. "Se determinó que la sensibilidad ética de las/os enfermeras/os era mayor en los que habían recibido educación ética, tenían mayor edad y con licenciatura (p<0,05)". El puntaje medio de sensibilidad ética de los/as enfermeros/as fue de nivel medio. Se concluye que la sensibilidad ética estaba influenciada por la educación ética, la edad y la base educacional. Palabras clave: ética, sensibilidad ética, enfermeros/as Sensibilidade ética e fatores relacionados com enfermeiros que trabalham em hospitais Resumo: O objetivo do estudo é determinar o nível de sensibilidade ética e fatores relacionados com enfermeiros que tra-balham em setores hospitalares. Este estud...

This study was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of nature sounds and relaxation exercises for reducing preoperative anxiety. A repeated measures randomized controlled trial design was used. We divided 159 preoperative patients into three groups: nature sounds (n = 53), relaxation exercises (n = 53), and control groups (n = 53). We evaluated anxiety using the visual analog scale and state anxiety inventory scores immediately before, immediately after, and 30 min after interventions in nature sounds and relaxation exercises groups, and silent rest in the control. We found no differences between the measurement values in the intervention groups, but we did observe a difference between the intervention and control groups. The two interventions were similarly effective in reducing preoperative anxiety. These simple and low-cost interventions can be used to reduce preoperative anxiety in surgical clinics.

Level of self-directed learning and academic achievement were higher in students who managed their time well.