The concept of financial exploitation has gained much interest in the field of elder abuse. The purpose of this study is to review the conceptualisation of elder financial exploitation as a first step towards exploring how financial abuse is interpreted differently by different groups. The search strategy includes the use of the SCOPUS database, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and open access for articles published between 1997 and January 2019. This study includes prevalence studies regarding the analysis of perceptions and conceptualisation of financial exploitation. This study excluded studies published in languages other than English with no relevance regarding the focus of the study. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria with four categories (older people, professional, public, and family members) and a range of settings across studies. Three overarching themes emerged in this review. The sub-themes include values, expectations, cultural considerations, characteristics of older people, relationship dynamics, situational factors, knowledge, and attitudes. Current evidence supports the on-going discussion on the lack of uniformity in definitions and conceptualisations of the financial exploitation of older people. The lack of consideration from the views of older people and community members may add to the complexity of defining financial exploitation, which can result in problems in detection, disclosure, and underreporting incidences.

The laws on Adat Perpatih in Negeri Sembilan has been codified since the early 20th century with the introduction of the Customary Tenure Enactment 1909. This Enactment set the base for the preservation of adat law which has been practiced by the Adat Perpatih community in Negeri Sembilan since time immemorial. However, the customary land is now facing various issues including issue of abandoned land and decreasing in number. Besides research that relates to the practices and the position of customary land in Malaysian law is limited. This is an exploratory research which aims to examine the present laws relating to the Adat Perpatih land in Negeri Sembilan. It also identifies issues in the position of the laws as well as its implementation. It adopts library research method with the support of finding from a survey and expert interview. The study found the needs to consider whether the current law is capable to address the needs of the present practice of customary land . The present study is important in analysing the position of such law to ensure the important assests for the adat community in Negeri Sembilan is sustainable.   Abstrak Tanah adat merupakan salah satu ciri utama dalam sistem pewarisan harta mengikut Adat Perpatih yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan secara turun-temurun sehingga ke hari ini. Amalan undang-undang tanah adat yang sedia ada, hanya waris wanita sahaja yang dibenarkan untuk memiliki tanah adat. Hal ini adalah untuk memelihara kaum wanita daripada hidup berpelesiran sekali gus mengangkat martabat wanita sebagai penyambung keturunan. Namun timbul persoalan berkaitan tahap kefahaman masyarakat pada masa kini terhadap konsep tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat yang diamalkan. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengetahui tahap kefahaman masyarakat di daerah Rembau, Kuala Pilah dan Tampin, Negeri Sembilan terhadap konsep tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat. Kajian ini menggabungkan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang melibatkan dokumentasi, temubual dan kaji selidik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap kefahaman masyarakat tentang tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat semakin berkurang dikalangan generasi muda. Implikasi kajian ini ialah dapat meningkatkan lagi kesedaran dan kefahaman masyarakat tentang tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat menurut Syarak. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti kaedah yang terbaik untuk meningkatkan kefahaman masyarakat terhadap tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat sama ada melalui Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan ataupun pihak-pihak tertentu.