Urban farming is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. Urban farming is a relatively new trend in Malaysia and has increased in recent years. As urban farming remains to be promoted by municipal governments and others, it is essential to understand how to ensure these projects are viable. This study was conducted to identify the deterrent factors that hinder the "community buy-in" in the urban farming projects and how to overcome the problem so that "community buy-in" in the urban farming project will be achieved and sustain in the future.Keywords: Urban Farming; Deterrent Factors; Participation; Community Buy-IneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2066

About 29.2% of Malaysians have been diagnosed with psychological distress, especially young adults. The B40 low-income group is most afflicted due to financial restrictions and limiting access to medication. Therefore, urban parks’ connectedness and pro-environmental behaviour towards psychological restoration are inexpensive ways to alleviate distress. This study examines the relationship between Connectedness to Nature (CN), Pro-Environmental Behaviour (PEB), and Psychological Restoration (PR). Three hypotheses were used to create a structural model to guide the cross-sectional methodology used for the study. A total of 161 students responded to the Google Form questionnaire. SPSS v21 and Smart-PLS 3.2.7 were used to examine the model relationship. The results showed that all hypotheses were supported by substantial statistical evidence. This study provides an important direction to motivate people to utilize urban parks for obtaining psychological restoration benefits costeffectively. Green behaviour is also beneficial for humans and the environment in promoting healthy living.

The urban park is part of urban biodiversity that restore the diverse ecosystem to be resilient from rapid urbanisation impact. Also, it is an invented landscape that serves recreational opportunities as well as contemplation. However, significant evidence to measure the contemplativeness of Malaysian urban parks as an eco-psychological restoration resource is indistinct. Previously, the restorative environments have determined by personal opinions and evaluations of researchers without operationalising the empirical study on landscape design quality. This study evaluated Taman Tasik Shah Alam’s contemplativeness via expert evaluation assessed by ten Malaysian Landscape Architects. The assessment involves eight physical attributes using Contemplative Landscape Model criteria on 35 images via an online survey. Eventually, five of the most contemplative scenes are recognised as eco-psychological restoration resources to remedy psychological distress, including landscape composition types. It also highlights the necessary physical attributes of the urban park towards inventing the existing one into a contemplative environment for the betterment of communities. Thus, the contemplative landscape can serve as an antidote for people affected by psychological distress to contemplate themselves by exposing and experiencing well-preserved urban biodiversity.

Nowadays, university students are more likely to suffer from depression, stress, and anxiety, among others, which have a terrible impact on their quality of life. Additionally, there is a low level of help-seeking due to a lack of awareness and an adverse mindset towards the value of mental health. However, there are also options for them to explore the usefulness of a restorative setting that has been scientifically proven to help heal emotions. Similarly, the psychological restorative effects of urban natural landscape exposure are associated with human brain stimulation patterns and emotional capacity. As a result, the convergence of neuroscience and landscape architecture known as neuro-landscape will produce considerable potential for psychological restoration underutilisation. This study investigates electroencephalographic (EEG) testimony to comprehend the methodologies, technologies, and consequences until it develops a neuro-landscape prospect. PRISMA, a systematic literature review tool, reviewed 25 papers. Deeply understanding the setting, approach, stimuli, device, electrode, and outcome of the EEG experiment will assist the researcher in addressing Malaysian university students with mental health difficulties. This study also discovered that incorporating landscape design and neuroscience into conventional restorative environmental analysis methodologies for psychological restoration can provide more conclusive evidence.