The research  on the influence of exposure factor on radiographic image quality has been conducted. This research uses phantom, water in plastic container as human substitute with focus film distance (FFD) 100 cm and broad field of irradiation 15 cm × 15 cm. The exposure conditions are given by exposure factors including variations in tube voltages of 60 kV, 65 kV, 70 kV, 75 kV, 80 kV called standard techniques or routine voltage techniques and the time flow is as big as 20 mAs, 25 mAs and 30 mAs. The results showed that the image quality will decrease with the use of current and time high. Image quality can be seen on gray-level histogram using java Image-J Basics version 1.38 software to get optimum value from exposure factor on image quality.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminants have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. Screening bacteria from different sources capable of carrying out the biodegradation of (PAHs) is essential for mapping and mobilization purposes and applying them to polluted hydrocarbon environments. The study aims to compare the capacity of PAH biodegradation by two types of bacteria isolated from different sources. The method applied is the interaction between bacterial suspension and pyrene-contaminated waste for 30 days. Biodegradation products in organic compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis results found several indications of the performance of bacterial biodegradation: The capacity of pyrene degradation by Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 9789 (Bl) bacteria against pyrene was relatively more dominant than Sphingobacterium sp. strain 21 (Sb) bacteria. The percentage of total bacterial biodegradation for product type Sb was (39.00%), and that of the product of bacterial degradation type Bl (38.29%). The biodegradation products of the test bacteria (Bl and Sb) were relatively similar to pyrene in the form of alcohol and carboxylic acid organic compounds. There was no significant difference in the pyrene biodegradation between Bl and Sb bacteria.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan pengaruh model latihan guided discovery style dan model latihan command style terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi, (2) perbeda-an pengaruh siswi yang memiliki koordinasi tinggi dan koordinasi rendah terhadap keterampilan bola basket, dan (3) interaksi antara model latihan dengan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswi ekstrakurikuler bola basket yang berjumlah 43 orang. Sampel berjumlah 24 siswi ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Intrumen tes yang digunakan adalah tes Wall Bounce Pass untuk mengukur koordinasi mata-tangan dan tes Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga (STO) untuk mengukur keterampilan bola basket siswi. Teknik analisis data yang menggunakan ANAVA. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara model latihan guided discovery style dan model latihan command style terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi. (2) Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh siswi yang memiliki koordinasi tinggi dan rendah terhadap keterampilan bola basket. (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara model latihan dan koordinasi terhadap keterampilan bola basket siswi.   THE EFFECT OF TRAINING MODEL AND COORDINATION ON THE BASKETBALL SKILLS OF EXTRACURRICULAR STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 BANTUL   Abstract This study aims to investigate: (1) the different effects of the guided discovery style model training and command style model training on basketball skills of students, (2) the different effects on basketball skills of students who have high and low coordination, and (3) the interaction effects between training models of guided discovery style and command style with coordination (high and low) on the basketball skills of students.This research was an experiment. The population comprised 43 basketball extracurricular students. A sample of 24 students was established using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments of this research were wall bounce pass test to measure eye-hand coordination and Sekolah Tinggi Olahraga (STO) test to measure the basketball skills. The data were analyzed using the two-way ANAVA  analysis.The results of the study are as follows. (1) There is no different effect between guided discovery style model training and command style model training on the basketball skills of the students. (3) There is an effect difference on the basketball skills of the students who have high and low coordination. (4) There is no a significant interaction between model training and coordination on the basketball skills of students. Key words: guided discovery style, command style, coordination, basketball skills

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan herbal tanaman mangrove sebagai sumber antibakteri V. harveyi penyebab penyakit pada udang windu Penaeus monodon. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BPPBAP), Maros. Mangrove diambil dari lima lokasi yaitu: Kabupaten Maros, Pangkep, Luwu Timur, Takalar, dan Bone. Mangrove yang dikumpulkan diidentifikasi sebelum dikering-anginkan selama dua minggu. Setelah kering dibuat tepung dan diekstrak menggunakan pelarut organik (metanol). Ekstrak metanol dari herbal mangrove diuji bioassay secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti V. harveyi menggunakan metode mikrowell plate. Setelah itu, dilakukan uji tantang secara in vitro dengan V. harveyi pada konsentrasi yang berbeda dan selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi ambang bawah dan ambang atas yang mematikan terhadap larva udang windu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 88 sampel herbal mangrove yang dikumpulkan 58 (65,91%) sampel positif mengandung antibakteri V. harveyi, yang terdiri atas: 11 (18,96%) dari Maros, 16 (27,59%) dari Pangkep, 11 (18,96%) dari Luwu Timur, 4 (6,90%) dari Takalar, dan 16 (27,59%) dari Bone. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) terbaik ditunjukkan oleh lima jenis tanaman mangrove yaitu; Sonneratia lanceolata dengan nilai MIC 0,1 mg/L dan Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, serta Rhizophora mucronata dengan nilai MIC masing-masing 1 mg/L. Hasil uji tantang secara in vitro dengan V. harveyi menunjukkan bahwa S. alba dan S. caseolaris terbaik menghambat pertumbuhan V. harveyi. Konsentrasi 10.000 mg/L dari ekstrak metanol S. lanceolata, S. alba, S. caseolaris, serta B. gymnorrhiza sudah toksik bagi benur udang windu, dengan mortalitas mencapai 100% setelah 96 jam. KATA KUNCI: mangrove, herbal, antibakteri, V. harveyi, vibriosis, Penaeus monodon ABSRTACT: Mangrove herbs as a source of antibacterial V. harveyi causes disease in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. By: Muliani, Nurhidayah, and Koko Kurniawan This experiment was aimed to findout of mangrove herbs as a source of antibacterial V. harveyi causes disease in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. The experiment was conducted in several stages, namely: a) collection and identification of mangrove plants, b) preparation and drying plant mangrove; c) preparation of starch; d) extraction and evaporate; e) qualitative bioassay test; f) quantitative bioassay test; g) in vitro test challenged with V. harveyi; h) toxicity tests against larvae of tiger shrimp. The result showed that as many as 88 samples of mangrove herbs collected from Maros, Pangkep, Luwu Timur, Takalar, and Bone, 58 (65.91%) of them positive for antibacterial V. harveyi, which consisted of 11 (18.96%) samples were from Maros, 16 (27.59%) samples were from Pangkep, 11 (18.96%) samples were from Luwu Timur, 4 (6.90%) samples were from Takalar, and 12 (2.59%) samples were from Bone. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) best indicated by four mangrove species namely; Sonneratia lanceo...

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.