The results of this study indicate a strong relationship between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular events in subjects with COPD, particularly in subjects with more symptoms and high future risk. Therefore, microalbuminuria should be regularly monitored in this subgroup of subjects with COPD for risk of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.

We suggest, physicians should be alert for hypothyroidism comorbidity in OSAS, and suspected subjects with OSAS should be screened for hypothyroidism considering the potential cardiovascular complications.

Our results demonstrate that serum levels of gamma-GT may be helpful in grading the severity of COPD as the marker of oxidative stress, and there is a strong correlation between high serum levels of gamma-GT and cardiovascular events in subjects with COPD.

The present study indicated a strong correlation between high serum levels of GGT and concomitant hypertension in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea. This biomarker may be helpful in grading the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and correlated with hypertension in this population.

Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduced the QT corrected interval dispersion in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. In addition, shortening the QT corrected interval dispersion periods in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea may reduce their risk of arrhythmias and cardiovascular disease.