This paper reviews studies on the linguistic landscape (LL) field concerning tourism between 2014 and 2022 to offer insights into the development of LL, particularly in the tourism context. Furthermore, the review provides examples of using LL as a research tool and a data source to address several issues in tourist spaces. There has been a growing trend in the study of the written text in tourist spaces as it encompasses a wide variety of creative theoretical and empirical research, dealing with themes like multilingualism, multimodality, language policy, linguistic diversity, and minority languages, among others. This review examines past studies that aided in opening up this area of research and outlines some emerging themes that serve as a springboard for others to consider. Relevant articles for this review were identified from two leading databases: Google Scholar and Academia. Three main steps were involved in this review method: identification, screening, and eligibility processes. The selected articles revealed two main emerging themes that are prominently discussed in the area of tourism which are language dominance and multilingualism. Overall, LL research's emerging themes help deepen the understanding of language(s) use in tourist spaces, especially in multilingual settings. The review demonstrates the potential for LL studies in areas such as tourist space, pedagogy, inclusion, and public awareness.

The widespread dissemination of misinformation or the ‘infodemic’ surrounding COVID-19 poses a significant challenge as the virus continues to spread globally, compounded by the reluctance of many individuals to accept ‘COVID-19 vaccines’. While existing research has predominantly explored how the media framed the disease, its psychological impact, and the presence of disinformation in its messaging, limited attention has been given to the portrayal of ‘COVID-19 vaccines’ in the media and their reception among the general population. This study employs a corpus-based methodology to examine the framing of ‘COVID-19 vaccines’ within a specific English Malaysian newspaper corpus. The data for analysis was gathered through the compilation of news reports from The Star, one of the nation’s primary English newspapers. The analysis showed that the vaccine was positively framed and correlated with keywords like ‘special’, ‘effective’, and ‘important’, as well as with keywords indicating its importance to one’s health and the masses. However, two negatively connoted keywords were also used to describe the act of immunisation. This study’s findings can encourage informed decision-making on COVID-19 vaccination by dispelling unwarranted fears. Positive news coverage can boost confidence and prevent panic while mitigating negative emotions and risk perceptions. These findings can help media practitioners better frame vaccine-related issues in their writings and understand how the public perceives them.

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Over the years, there are numerous effective learning strategies suggested in the area of language learning which are having a clear motivation (Gardner and Lambert,1972; Krashen, 1982), low affective filter (Dulay and Burt, 1977; Krashen, 1988) and continuous language practice or drills (Gass and  Selinker,  2008).  On the contrary, conventional language lessons fail to address the gap in increasing learners’ motivation, overcoming anxiety during peer-to-peer interactions and discussion, which result in frustrations among the learners. In addition, an exorbitant number of students in a class makes it impossible for the instructor to focus on individual learners. English for Pre-Diploma MOOC helps to create fun and engaging learning experience for learners to increase their motivation in learning the language. It also facilitates the learners especially the introverts to discover and explore the language in a more interactive and less threatening setting. Furthermore, it attempts to promote critical thinking skills and knowledge of the world through the activities and online discussions. The extended activities in the MOOC elicit high order responses from the learners while the teaching module consists of appealing themes and interactive teaching videos that cater to the interest and unique individual learning styles. Some of the noticeable impacts on learners are they become more active and responsive as learning happens at any time, at their own pace and convenience. Moreover, they benefit from interactions with learners of various backgrounds and maturity levels. As a result, they become highly motivated, independent, critical and reliable learners of the language