Mathematics self-efficacy is one of the essential behavioural factors in mathematics learning for students. The aim of this review was to determine the relationship of secondary school students' mathematics self-efficacy and their performance in mathematics. Other than that, this review also studied the factors that can influence secondary school students' mathematics self-efficacy. The articles were collected from January 2015 until 2019 across one of the Google Scholar databases. A total of 26 studies were selected for this review. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were performed before starting the review. The results show that there was a positive relationship between secondary school students' mathematics self-efficacy and their performance in mathematics. The factors that influenced the secondary school students' mathematics self-efficacy were their mathematics anxiety, teacher support, online learning, program, learning materials, instructional games and discovery learning. Overall, this review shows that mathematics self-efficacy plays an important role in improving secondary school students' performance in mathematics.

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Organic load such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) increases in the water because of the increase in human growth and industrialisation. The initial goal of the study, to characterise the natural fibre reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule using Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Second, analyse organic load reduction utilising natural fiber reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule. The experiment was conducted with five Schott bottles with a 1.7 liter working volume as a photobioreactors. The system was operated with three tubes fabricated with different functions. The first tube was connected to the adjustable air pump oxygen aerator to supply oxygen into the photobioreactor system. The photobioreactor’s second tube is designed to flow out gasses. The last tube is the sampling tube function to withdraw the samples for the efficacy of treatment performance. The photobioreactor will continuously be illuminated with cool-white fluorescent light (Philip TL-D 36W/865, light intensity of 60–70 μmol m-2 s-1). This study employs COD to test microalgae’s organic load reduction. From day 1 to 5, COD value shows a pattern of reduction from 352 mg/L for day 1 and 223 mg/L for day 5, respectively. The analysis reveals that the p-OPEFB (Polymeric Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) macrocapsule has a surface structure with a rough surface before and after treatment. Optical density measures microalgae growth. BBM’s (Bold Basal Medium) increasing absorbance value allows microalgae to develop optimally. Natural fibre reinforced polymer encapsulated microalgae macrocapsule shows potential for wastewater treatment.

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