Abstract-The present study aimed at investigating how Indonesian students refuse offers, invitations, and suggestions to persons having different social statuses. Refusal and politeness strategies were the focus of this study. The social variable involved in this study was the social status represented in lower to higher socialstatus (LHSS), higher to lower social-status (HLSS), and equal social-status (ESS) relationships. The data were obtained through discourse completion test (DCT) distributed to 161 students. The DCTs resulted in 2898 corpus data. Data analysis suggested that in general, the refusal strategy across social-status relationships and across initiating acts is consistently patterned, i.e. indirect strategy was more dominantly performed by the research participants. Criticizing, presenting other agenda, showing a preference, and stating self-limitation were the semantic formulas that were frequently used for refusing indirectly. Turning to politeness strategy, LHSS group used the highest number of redressive expressions, followed by HLSS and ESS groups. The politeness strategies occurring in the three groups were the use of redressive expressions and the use of wordy refusals. This study proved that social-status does not influence much to the choice of refusal strategy, but it contributes to the choice of politeness strategies.

<p>This research focused on how the ideology can be revealed from the headline news which focus on its lexical choice that hide the meaning. This study used an online media news which published on Detik.com that has the headline <em>Punya Garis Pantai Terpanjang di Dunia, Kok RI Impor Garam? </em>As the mind object. This object also focused on its discourse as the mind media of analysis and the headline used as the point of view through the news. To analyse the object the researcher used critical discourse analysis by Van Dijk as the mind approach in analysing the discourse through the news and also supported in metafunction by Halliday which concern on ideological metafunction to help revealing the ideology.</p>The study used qualitative as the design of analysis, it needed to describe the data. The aim of doing the research was to come up the ideology that hidden behind the headline of news. The issue was controversially and it would be the grand topic to be analysed. From the analysis known that the discourse of the news could build contradictive perspective between the headlines through the whole of discourse. That perspective came from the discourse which has been selected in its lexical and composing the pattern of sentences.

This research investigated the ideology of Donald Trump on his speech at the Israel museum. This research focused on analysing illocutionary acts to discover the ideology of Trump on his speech. This research used qualitative approach. The design of this research is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This research used Fairclough’s three models of CDA, namely: textual analysis, discursive practice and social practice The result that showed there were five types of illocutionary acts expressed, those are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives. Representatives was mostly expressed by Trump. Therefore, the result showed that Trump expressed all types of illocutionary act. The ideology on the speech at the Israel museum showed that Trump intended to use his power to create peace in Jerusalem.

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This research investigates the rhetoric and discourse of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 's (henceforth SBY) and Joko Widodo's (henceforth JOKOWI) speeches related to policies and subsidy plans in increasing the price of fuel to enhance Indonesian economic recovery and development. Societies reacted differently on the speeches. One factor affecting societies' reaction is the rhetorical devices and the involvement of discourse device toward the speeches. By this fact, the goal of this research is to find out the comparison of persuasive strategies and the involvement of discourse devices toward their rhetorical speeches. In achieving this, the researcher employs descriptive qualitative research because it describes and interprets the process of research. Aristotle's theory on persuasive strategy is employed in the analysis. Moreover, Hasan and Halliday's theory of discourse is implemented in this research. The researcher finds all rhetoric strategies applied by SBY and JOKOWI. SBY mostly implements logos in his speech; meanwhile, Jokowi uses Pathos. Furthermore, SBY uses conjunction, reference and lexical cohesion; meanwhile, Jokowi uses ellipsis conjunction, reference and lexical cohesion.