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Agriculture main issues are the reduction in water availability and the loss in water quality. If the population is increasing, the demand for food will increase, but the amount of water available to produce food does not increase. It would be a huge problem for the future. This study explores the alternative method in biomimicry to provide sufficient water supply for agriculture by reviewing challenges in agriculture and identifying biomimicry approach on previous research. The designers can use these technologies to solve water problems in agriculture, for example, Watercone and Warka Water. Both of these designs are inexpensive and can extracts gallons of fresh water from the air and designed to be environmental friendly by not causing any pollution or harm to the ground they are built on. By studying nature people learn to respect it and understand the importance of conservation, in other words, the more people, especially for designer, are aware of the potential of biomimicry. Biomimicry expected to be a promising approach, effective in improving well-being and its environmental efficiency at both agriculture and technology. Based on this study at the agriculture in particular, it is possible to see biomimicry as a driver to change urban environment.

The relationship between design and nature has been intertwined for the past 400 years. Throughout history, designers have adopted nature to build shapes, forms, and ornamentation without understanding nature's behavior biomimicry. Nature's behavior biomimicry is a method that applies solutions to human problems by analyzing natural designs, processes, and systems. This innovative method refers to nature as an inspiration to solve design challenges. The method is the new science that studies nature as a model and inspiration to imitate the design and process of solving human problems. However, there is a lack of widespread and practical application of biomimicry as a design method; architecture commonly uses biology as a library of shapes, which is not biomimicry. Among the levels of biomimicry, the organism level is widely applied as a design tool to achieve a design solution. This paper reviews published research on the applications of biomimicry level, including its formative elements. Organism, behavior, and ecosystem level are mostly inspired or applied in the biomimicry concept. The content analysis was carried out to examine the published research articles on different perspectives of biomimicry and its application in design. The findings produce three levels of biomimicry that can serve as a regenerative design. There is a growing need for designs that work with nature to create a regenerative built environment, and designers can no longer ignore the relevance of bio-inspired theories and approaches to achieve a more sustainable future.

The change of land-use/land-cover (LULC) is inexorable to cater to the needs of the people, from a natural land use dominance to the built-up areas’ dominance. Many geospatial studies have examined the LULC, yet the data used were not up-to-date. Hence, this paper proposes an integrated framework to assess the LULC by using the latest complimentary data of Landsat 8 from Earth Explorer-USGS, and subsequently processed in Geographic Information System application (ArcGIS 10.8) by executing two classification techniques: i) interactive supervised classification (ISC) and ii) Iso cluster unsupervised classification (ICUC). The study area is Kelantan, a state located in Peninsular Malaysia. Three hundred sampling points were randomly generated within the boundary of Kelantan to compare the classified map of 2021 with ground data using Google Earth Pro 7.3 and Google Street View. Results show that the ISC method presents an overall accuracy of 87.7% (K= 0.79, p≤0.001) compared to the ICUC method, with an accuracy rate of 67.7% (K= 0.47, p≤0.001). ISC method with the proposed integrated framework can be viable techniques to assess LULC and can be used to study the change of LULC periodically. Thus, it helps stakeholders make better decisions in resource planning and distribution, especially in Kelantan, where the natural resources are rich.