Today's advanced high‐speed technology requires building behavioral models of systems, from measured/simulated data, with increasingly higher operating frequencies. Different research efforts have come to light in literature for macromodeling, based on such types of data. Ensuring passivity is one of the most fundamental issues affecting system macromodeling, because system‐level performance can be unstable if even a single component of the system becomes nonpassive. Thus, from the computer‐aided design perspective, generation and provision of macromodels, while preserving passivity, is a significant challenge. In this paper, we carefully review novel techniques of passive macromodeling as well as their passivity verification and enforcement, from the early days to the present. We critically review the prominent methods in literature developed for macromodeling, and for verification and enforcement of passivity, and emphasize on their strengths and shortcomings.

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