The problems of phase transitions in commercial cellulose systems during processing are considered. The formation of structures in regenerated cellulose from viscose solutions during precipitation in different regenerated baths and in highly concentrated solutions of cellulose in N-methylmorpholin-N-oxide at different temperatures and shear deformations has been selected for this review. The difficulties in defining the type of structural ordering in these systems are demonstrated. Fractal analysis is used to study the structures. A close relationship between the characteristics of the structures and the fractal dimensions is elucidated. The prospects for the different methods of regulating structures in cellulose systems are discussed.

Abstract. The basis of modern educational technology in teaching is problem-based learning through the use of educational technologies Powerful Thinking -Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), including a systematic approach to the complex organization of independent work of search and research character. Developed by systemic administration of the physical features workshops on the basis TRIZ in the cycle of the natural sciences with the implementation of all aspects of the educational activitiessubstantive, procedural and motivational. A new model of the physical design of the workshop and its form of organization, which is based on problem-based learning with the use of TRIZ Interactive form of organization of the workshop allows you to get high-quality substantive and personality of the students who have a significant role in the formation of professional competencies and affect the quality of produce practice-oriented specialists.

Abstract. Synergetic is an interdisciplinary area and describes the emergence of various kinds of structures, using the representation of the natural sciences. In this paper we studied the conditions for the appearance of thermodynamically stable amorphous-crystalline supramolecular structures on the basis of practical importance for the production of heat-resistant high-strength polymer fibers semi-rigid systems. It is found that in the process of structure formation in the coagulation of the polymer from solutions having supramolecular structures area a definite geometric shape and dimensions. Pattern formation in such systems can simulate the processes studied synergy. This is occurring in the process of self-organization of dissipative structures, transitions from one structure to another. This most discussed matter of selforganization on the "optical" scale level, are observed spherulites have a "correct" form and certain geometric dimensions comparable to the wavelength of visible light. Previously, this polymer does not crystallize at all considered. It is shown that for the study of supramolecular structures are the most convenient and informative experimental approaches are polarization-optical methods, which are directly "tuned" to the optical anisotropy of the structure and morphology. The great advantage of these methods is also possible to study the kinetics of structure formation processes without interfering the system under study.

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