Th is work deals with the simu lation process for the triode extraction system using SIMION co mputer program with and without space charge. Plasma boundary positions in ion ext raction systems for different values of the extraction voltage at constant plasma density have been simulated and discussed. The motion of ion beam trajectories with and without space charge effect has been studied.

Electron beam current has been extracted from the electrostatically confined discharge source by applying potential greater than the plasma potential on the focusing electrode and the Faraday cup. Effect of a convergent magnetic field, focusing electrical voltage and pressure on the extracted electron beam current have been tjfcen into consideration. An electron current of the order of 195pA corresponding to a density of 6.2 mA/cm has been extracted at a pressure of 2 x torr. and 3kV focusingvoltage with an axial magnetic field of the order of 500 Gauss.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of polymerizing unfilled resin based dental adhesives when cured under a continuous stream of nitrogen compared to air thinning and curing in ambient air environment. Materials and Methods: 2 groups of 5 teeth were sectioned parallel the occlusal surface, to expose dentin. Unfilled universal adhesive (All-bond Universal, BISCO) was applied to the 2 groups; Control group, solvent was evaporated using air syringe and cured in ambient air, while for the intervention group nitrogen was used to evaporate the solvent and the adhesive was cured under a stream of nitrogen. After post curing and wiping the surface with alcohol, the teeth were sectioned parallel to the occlusal surface into slides of 1mm thickness to evaluate the film thickness of the cured adhesive under electron microscope (BS-SEM). Images of BS-SEM images were analyzed using (ImageJ2 software). Results: Statistically significant difference between the two groups was found in favor of the intervention group (P<0.05). The mean adhesive film thickness of the intervention group and the control group were 7.02μm and 3.33μm respectively. Conclusions: Curing the dental adhesive under a stream of nitrogen from a nitrogen tank connected to a 3-way syringe, can be a clinically achievable alternative to efficiently cure resin. Further studies are required to test the bond strength and durability of the adhesive, when cured under a stream of nitrogen.

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