Children and young people possess considerable knowledge about cancer, especially about lung cancer and smoking, and show considerable awareness of predominant health education messages. Despite this knowledge, many lead less than healthy lifestyles. Health is not seen as the most important goal in life by many young people; the circumstances in which many children and young people live are not experienced as health promoting.

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SYNOPSIS From surveys conducted by the authors it is concluded that the best and most acceptable quality control methods in cytology are those from within the laboratory. Most Table I demonstrates not only the wide scatter of results presented in the literature but also the range of lesions being assessed, the various methods of sample collection, and the very wide variety of methods used to calculate the results. All this makes comparisons difficult. False negative rates are usually underestimated because they are only discovered when abnormal histology or an abnormal smear follows a previous negative smear. The mobility of populations and failure of follow up can prevent this information reaching the laboratory which put out the false negative report and so prevent complete accuracy when false negative rates are circulated. It is only when a second smear is taken as in the Christie Hospital series that the resulting figures are a true measure of the false negative rate. Errors can occur at all stages and these will be considered under the following headings: (1) biological variability; (2) collection of samples

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