The aim: The aim of the study was to improve preventive measures aimed at preventing the formation of pathological scarring of the skin in patients after elective surgery by intra- and postoperative use of cryopreserved placental cells. Materials and methods: The research was conducted in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery on the basis of the Municipal Enterprise «Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital. M.V. Sklifosovsky» Poltava Regional Council. A total of 60 patients took part in the study, who were hospitalized for planned surgical interventions in the department of maxillofacial surgery Results: We obtained clinical data on the processes of scar formation in patients with morning and evening chronotype on the background of local intraoperative injection of cryopreserved placenta extract into the wound. We have proved that short people with an established evening chronotype need additional preventive measures, especially on the 90th and 180th days of the postoperative period. Conclusions: From our study we can say with confidence that the drug “Cryocel” reduces epithelialization time, promotes optimal wound healing and leads to the formation of more aesthetic scars, which creates optimal both functional and cosmetic results.

To define the individual features of the organization of circadian rhythms, the term "chronotype" was proposed, which is becoming increasingly popular in research in the field of medicine. According to the analysis of literature data, biological rhythm affects not only the mental state, obesity but the human condition as a whole. Biological rhythms are a manifestation of the fundamental properties of the organic world, provide the ability of man to adapt and survive in the environment. In this aspect, of particular interest is the functioning of the organism, taking into account its individual characteristics in terms of the organization of biorhythmic processes. The research was conducted on the basis of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery on the basis of CE «Poltava M. V. Sklifosovskyi Regional Clinical Hospital of the Poltava regional council». A total of 24 patients participated in the study. To study the materials, we analyzed patients who were hospitalized for routine surgery for congenital neck cysts and tumors of the head and neck. Patients were interviewed during hospitalization, as well as a questionnaire to determine the chronotype. Patients were divided into the following 2 groups, namely: group 1, which in turn comprised 2 subgroups: 1.1 - Patients with morning chronotype; 1.2 - Patients with evening chronotype. The first subgroup (1.1 - with the morning chronotype) consisted of 7 subjects who underwent surgery in the morning. The second subgroup (1.2 - with evening chronotype) consisted of 9 patients who underwent surgery at about 15:00. In each of these subgroups during surgery, intradermal administration of the drug "Cryocel" was performed. - group 2 (control). The second control group consisted of 8 patients, all patients in this group were operated on according to the classical method without the use of additional preventive measures. On the 90th day of the clinical study, we could observe a significant difference in the comparison of postoperative scars, namely in patients with morning chronotype and in patients with evening chronotype it was 42%, the difference with control was 71% and the difference between the subgroup 2 and the control group was 50%. On the 180th day of the study, we observed a significant difference between the groups, in patients of subgroups 1 and 2, as compared to the control group, clinical data in the description of postoperative scars were better by 25%. When comparing subgroups 1 and 2, no difference was observed. Thus, on the 180th day when examining patients, the clinical picture was more favorable in subgroups 1 and 2. According to the data obtained, we can say that in patients who underwent surgery in the morning and injected with placental cryoextract, wound healing and scar formation on the 90th day was faster and better than in patients who underwent surgery at lunchtime, and patients who underwent surgery according to the classical method without the use of additional preventive measures.

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As the trend to look beautiful is growing, so does the number of patients seeking reconstructive and aesthetic facial surgery, which leads to the rapid development of this field. To date, there exists a large number of techniques to eliminate a scar deformity, but none of them guarantees the optimal cosmetic effect. The purpose of the study. The study aims to search for and analyze scientific sources related to the prevention of pathological scars in Ukraine and the world. Materials and methods of research. To study the research materials, the bibliosemantic and analytical methods have been applied to process literature data, as well as research materials posted on the Internet. Skin is the largest human organ whose total surface area ranges from 1.7 to 2.6 m2 and can vary depending on height and weight. It acts as the main protective barrier from the environment. Violation of this barrier after injury, burns, or surgical resection can lead to chronic wounds and scars that affect patients physically and emotionally. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing can potentially improve the lives of such people, as well as stimulate the development of new prevention and treatment methods. All wounds, except for surgical ones, are initially considered to be infected. Microorganisms get into the wound along with the damaging object, soil, pieces of clothing, air, and during hand touching. Once in the wound, microorganisms can cause suppuration and complications such as erysipelas. The most dangerous way for the microorganisms to enter the wound is in the absence of air which can cause anaerobic infection (gas gangrene). Another dangerous wound complication is a tetanus infection. For its prevention, all contaminated wounds (especially, by soil) should be treated with anti-tetanus toxoid or anti-tetanus serum. Thus, wound healing is one of the most difficult processes in the human body. It includes spatial and temporal synchronization of different cell types with different roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, reepithelialization, and remodeling. With the development of technology, it became possible to detect the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of cell types. Discovering the role of each of these cell types and their interaction with each other is important for understanding the mechanisms of wound regeneration. The scar (Cicatrix) is a secondary morphological element of the skin, which is formed when it is damaged, and especially when the reticular dermis is damaged.  Laser therapy is used to prevent scarring, but the evidence for the effectiveness of laser treatment of surgical and hypertrophic scars, as well as keloids is somewhat insufficient, but generally suggests promising results. Multiple studies report a significant scar thickness improvement when applying the right program. Conclusion. Based on the bibliosemantic and analytical methods applied to process literature data, we believe that the study of intra- and postoperative prevention of pathological scars at different stages of their formation remains a topical issue and needs further study.