The literature review focuses on the significant aspects of epidemiology, analysis of risk factors and modern principles of surgical treatment of varicose veins. Literature data show that considering pathology in recent years has a tendency to increase the frequency and the significant factors at risk of its development are the inheritance, overweight, as also pregnancy and childbirth of two or more. In recent years, new thermal catheter techniques have become more frequent in the treatment of varicose veins, which demonstrate their advantages and high efficiency. The literature analysis shows that the use of a 1470 nm laser wavelength with a radial type of optical fibers has the highest coagulating effect compared to other types of laser. The authors of the article provided detailed coverage of the endovascular laser ablation technique, showing its advantages over other methods, and its role and place in the comprehensive treatment of the varicose veins.