The agrarian sector of the economy is one of the strategic segments of the national economy, the level of development of which depends on food security of the country, a significant part of state budget revenues, the preservation of the village, etc. For the further development of agrarian sector of the economy, the qualitative system transformations are required, which, as the experience of the most world developed countries shows, should be based exclusively on the innovative and investment potential of the development of integration relations. It is carried out the complex scientifically-based monitoring of investment support for the development of integration relations in the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy. It has been analyzed the attraction of investment resources by integrated economic entities from international financial, credit and banking institutions, as well as export credit agencies during getting the international guarantees for purposes of project financing. It was established that during 1996-2016 years over 16,7 billion dollars US in prices of 2016 were invested in all sources of financing. The structure of attracted investment resources by main groups of financial institutions shows that the largest share in it falls on funds received from bank lending, issuance of Eurobonds and stock exchange activities. There are determined the features of investment mechanisms and the purpose of project financing; it is shown that in general they play a main role in a large investment process, but are only available for large economic entities and transnational corporations. It is confirmed that the lack of an institutional system of state financial support for export in Ukraine significantly reduces the level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural products on international markets. Therefore, in the context of European integration processes, the current problem is reforming the system of support for the export of final technological redistribution products, with simultaneously restriction of foreign trade in raw materials and semi-finished products, which is carried out, in particular, through its internal economic transfer at transfer prices.
Abstract. This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.
The development of the agrarian sector of the economy, as well as of the entire national economy, should be based on a clear and consistent state regulatory policy. Rent is one of the most effective financial instruments for regulating the development of the agrarian sector. As a whole, rent is defined as the income of any resources (production factors) owner that is not related to business activity. Onwards, economic rent is an over-income that the owner receives from using a variety of quality resources, the supply of which is limited in the long run. From the financial point of view, rent is part of the entrepreneur's income, his unearned income. The consequence of excessive and uncontrolled macro-level rent-seeking behavior is the so-called «Dutch disease», which causes concentration of labor and capital in the services sector, its outflow from the real economy and the simultaneous replacement with unproductive inputs. It is determined that the rent saturation of the GDP of Ukraine exceeds the world average values, that designates the national economy as a commodity one, testifies to the developmental, transitive nature of the economy, its direct dependence on the developed countries. Moreover, the dynamics of the annual indices of the physical volume of Ukraine's GDP coincides with the dynamics of its rent withdraw, which shows the direct dependency of goods production and rent, thus defining the economic system as extensive and reindustrialized. It is proved that amid non-renewable natural resources depletion, the economy of Ukraine is losing its potential and without drastic transformations, changes in technological structure and development of vertical integration, the crisis will only deepen. The implementation of the proposed measures will contribute to the return of rental over-income to those who have a constitutional right to get it, will provide additional financial resources to fulfill local budgets, especially rural territorial communities.
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