The purpose of this search was to investigate the influence of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” on the antioxidant status of cows in the development of endotoxicosis. The experimental part of the work was performed at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Stepan Gzhytskyj Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, in the laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the State Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Preparation and Feed Additives (Lviv) and in the Ltd. “Barkom”, village Yampil of Pustomyty district, Lviv region. To solve the tasks of the research, three experimental groups of 10 pregnant cows of the Ukrainian Black-Spotted Dairy breed were formed in each: control and two experimental. Cows of the control group (K) had characteristic clinical signs of endotoxicosis. Animals of the first experimental group (E1) were given 10 mL per animal of “Thyroid magnet” at the eighth and ninth months of gestation. The animals of the second experimental group (E2) were given Thyrioton at a dose of 10 mL per animal in the eighth and ninth months of gestation. As a result of the conducted researches it is found out that in pregnant cows with clinical manifestation of endotoxicosis the inhibition of the activity of the antioxidant protection system and intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation occurs. The use of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” in cows by the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the increased activity of the antioxidant system, which is indicated by an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The use of of “Thireomagnile” and “Thyrioton” to cows in the development of endotoxicosis contributed to the suppression of lipid peroxidation processes, which is indicated by the low level of primary and final products of lipid peroxidation, namely: lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-active products. Better normalizing action on the equilibrium on the activity of the antioxidant system and the intensity of lipid peroxidation was shown by the introduction of “Thyroid magnet” at a dose of 10 cm3 per animal.

The aim of the research and production study was a systematic analysis – monitoring the dynamics of changes in productivity and technological indicators during five or six consecutive lactations in cows with long service life in the industrial dairy complex. The analytical part of the study was conducted during 2016–2021 on the basis of a dairy enterprise-breeder of Ukrainian red dairy cattle, which is located in the Odesa region (STOV “AF” Petrodolynske”). During the five-year scientific and production monitoring of technological indicators of a group of cows with long-term operational use (5–6 lactations) at the industrial dairy complex with breeding stock of Ukrainian red dairy breed was found a significant increase in milk productivity with increasing number of calves, respectively: 1.53 lactations – 5107.32 kg of milk per standard lactation; 2.18 – 6754.32 kg; 3.05 – 7699.26 kg; 4.02 – 9267.24 kg; 5.04–9007.15 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the optimization of physiological and technological parameters in the controlled group was revealed, namely: reduction of lactation duration from the first to the third calving with a slight increase to the fifth (437.87; 348.03; 329.27; 342.00; 334.76 days respectively (P < 0.001) and a significant reduction in the interval between periods (475.13; 488.73; 396.73; 407.88; 415.26 days; respectively (P < 0.001). Thus, the study showed that the cows of the newly formed Ukrainian red Dairy breeds with a long term preservation of lactation function have a high genetic potential of milk yield and adaptability to industrial production, but the high intensity of technological pressure on breeding stock has led to a significant reduction in the number of such animals in the age structure of the herd to 6.29%. effective ways to overcome the biological conflict between the needs of the physiology of high-yielding cows and the requirements of industrial milk production, further research is needed.

The ever-increasing harmful effect of endo- (products of inflammatory processes of genital tissues) and exogenous factors (environmental conditions) on the body of women and animals (cows) leads to a substantial decrease in ova fertilisation during mating and artificial insemination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify changes in the signs of physical condition (colour, consistency, fluidity, impurities, etc.) and ratios (homeostasis) of H2O mass, organic (OS) and inorganic (IS) substances of uterine-vaginal mucus (UVM) should be used to assess their harmful effect on the fertilisation of cows after their first insemination. The following methods were used for this study: ocular estimate of the physical condition of freshly obtained mucus; gravimetric assessment of the features of changed mass parameters of its dry residue (DR) components; mathematical and statistical analysis of certain indicators. Determined by the gravimetric method, the features of the imbalance of mass (g, mg), its distribution (%) and ratios (Im:1, Ic:1) in the system of the “medium – substance” type due to the harmful effects of endogenous factors (products of inflammatory processes) indicate that the secretions of the genitals released during oestrus are characterised not only by changes in signs, but also ±2–4 times different from the norm (control) indicators of the mass of components. Under such circumstances, the distribution of substances in the DR samples of the experimental group is expressed by the series, where the mass OS1˃IS˃OS2, but in the control group – OS1˃IS˃OS2. This means that the products of inflammatory processes released by the genitals of cows change the norm of homeostasis of the mass (distribution of components) of OS and IS of the biological system of the “medium – substance” type. Indicators of the obtained mass ratios between component pairs H2O:DR; H2O:OS2, H2O:OS1, H2O:IS (control group – 63:1, 586:1, 231:1, 109:1; experiment group – 42:1, 310:1, 87:1, 112:1), except for the H2O:IS pair (P˂0.05), indicate the presence of probable changes in the homeostasis of OS and IS in the “H2O – components” system. The high probability (P˂0.02; ˂0.001) of the detected changes is inherent in the “DR – components” system, namely: if the average ratio indicators of pairs DR:OS2; DR:OS1; DR:IS samples of the control group are 9:1, 4:1, 2:1, then the same indicators in the experimental group are 7:1, 3:1, 2:1, respectively

The results of research activities of reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value are given, the level of their phenotypic consolidation is determined and the correlation analysis is carried out. The study was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipropetrovsk and Sumy regions (LLC “AF “Renaissance”, research farm of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast NAAS of Ukraine, LLC “Druzhba – Kaznacheyivka”), livestock laboratory of the State Institution Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine and livestock laboratory economy of the North-East of NAAS of Ukraine. The work was performed according to the research program of NAAS of Ukraine № 30 “Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig products” (“Pig breeding”). The object of the study were sows of large white breed. Indicators of reproductive qualities of animals of the specified production group were investigated taking into account the following quantitative signs: multiplicity, head; milk yield, kg, number of piglets at weaning, head; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, safety, %. The BLUP index (maternal line) was calculated on the basis of the Main Breeding Center for Pig Breeding (Institute of Pig Breeding and AIP NAAS of Ukraine) according to the general model of a single animal. The index of alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth, the index of reproductive qualities of the sow and the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of the main quantitative traits were calculated according to the methods of V. I. Khalak (2012), M. D. Berezovsky (quoted from A. Vashchenko, 2019) and Yu. P. Polupan (1996, 2005), respectively. Biometric processing of research results was performed according to the methods of G. F. Lakin (1990). It was found that the maximum indicators of fertility, milk yield, number of piglets and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days are characterized by sows of group I, in which the index BLUP (maternal line) is 109.78–128.75, the index of reproductive qualities (CPI) – 101.43–161.72 points. The correlation coefficients between the characteristics of reproductive qualities and integrated indicators are reliable and range from + 0.648 ± 0.0492 (index BLUP (maternal line) × milk yield) to + 0.984 ± 0.0086 (index of reproductive qualities (IRQ) × nest weight per weaning time at the age of 28 days). A high level of phenotypic consolidation on the basis of reproductive qualities of sows was found in animals of group II by milk yield (K1 = 0.561, K2 = 0.499) and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (K1 = 0.521, K2 = 0.472), peers of group I – by multiplicity (K1 = 0.315, K2 = 0.410) and the number of piglets at weaning (K1 = 0.296, K2 = 0.397). The calculation of economic efficiency of sows of different breeding value shows that the maximum increase in additional products was obtained from sows of group I, in which the index BLUP (maternal line) is 109.78–128.75, the index of reproductive qualities (IRQ) – 101.43–161, 72 points – +13.08 %, and its value is +332.08 UAH/head. These indicators of evaluation indices are a criterion for selecting high-yielding sows of large white breeds of controlled herds.

The results of a comprehensive examination of a group (n = 179) of high-yielding cows of the second half of lactation (more than 200 days) with diagnosed pregnancy (80–225 days of pregnancy) during 30 days of visual observation, among which 6 individuals (3.35 %) were found. symptoms of altaphagia (distortion of taste). Analysis of the biochemical profile of blood serum showed the presence of a number of subclinical abnormalities in a number of indicators, namely (in parentheses are the reference values): Ca/P – 0.92 units (1.1–1.6); total protein – 50.52 g/l (70–85); albumin/globulin – 3.63 units (0.6–1.3); ALT – 35.32 g/l (10–30); AST – 97.32 g/l (10–50); creatinine – 186.10 μmol/l (80–130); alkaline phosphatase – 323.38 units (100–200); urea – 5.08 mmol/l (3.5–6.0). Due to the fact that the active livestock of the dairy complex was provided with fodder base, timely addition of optimized according to modern standards complete mixed diet with 4 % mineral premix, the main causes of biochemical metabolic disorders can be considered dysfunction of intestinal microbiota, digestive and protective functions. of the mucous membrane due to chronic latent inflammatory processes, which was confirmed by the results of the assessment of feed transit (40.09 % of the remains of the daily diet of cows remained after washing of manure samples, which differed in a significant amount of undigested feed components and the inclusion of exfoliated necrotic particles of the mucous membrane). The latent course and accumulation of alimentary pathologies of the digestive tract contributed to the formation of a negative background for the symptoms of endogenous hunger in cows, manifested by signs of altrophagia, which were only clinical and ethological signals of chronic metabolic disorders in many high-yielding lactation groups. Given the importance of maintaining a high physiological status of dairy cows for profitable dairy production, the need to continue research to study the ethological signals of animals remains relevant to find effective means of preventing foodborne illness, including normoflorization of digestive mucosa.