Every year, 1,700–1,850 pediatric patients apply to the Department of Toxicology of Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital for specialized medical care. More than 56% of hospitalizations are caused by medicinal poisoning. One of the serious complications of drug intoxication is acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence of AKI in acute chemical poisoning in childhood is from 10 to 57,6% according to various authors, therefore, the issues of effective treatment of AKI in the medical practice of doctor of any specialty are extremely relevant. The article presents the case of conservative treatment of AKI stage 3 according to the KDIGO classification in a teenager with metamizole poisoning, including inclusion of «Cytoflavin» cellular energy protector as a part of complex therapy. As a result of the treatment, the level of proteinuria and azotemia in the child has decreased. The rate of tuber filtration has increased from 20,0 to 62,4 ml/min/1,73 m2. Thus, the use of a cellular energy protector contributed to effective restoration of renal function.

The article presents data about maternal and prenatal influences lead to «programming» of arterial hypertension (AH) in the child's later life. A special group that is threatened by the development of AH at an older age is premature children and children with intrauterine development delay due to a small number of nephrons and the launch of prenatal programming of hypertension. The state of the mother's health before conception, as well as the use of assisted reproductive technologies, despite a normal pregnancy in general and the birth of a healthy newborn can provoke the development of hypertension in childhood.

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Abnormal findings in urinalysis are one of the most common symptoms kidneys and urinary tract diseases. Authors discuss assessment of changes in urinalysis from the position of general pediatrician. The normal values of protein, erythrocytes, leukocytes, cylinders, crystals, glucose in urine are considered, as evidenced by changes in these parameters, as well as changes of urinary color and specific gravity. The algorithm of the pediatrician's tactics after detection of different degrees of proteinuria, erythrocyturia and leukocyturia is presented. It is shown that with a high degree of severity of changes in urine, especially in combination with arterial hypertension, edema, fever, and other clinical symptoms, needs in emergent specialized impatient medical aid. In other cases, outpatient examination and treatment are recommended. The issues of urinary tract infection (UTI), diagnosed by the presence of piuria and bacteriuria, are discussed. Routine method of UTIs treatment is antibiotic therapy, but the existence of uropathogens in the form of biofilms contributes to their drug resistance, which dictates actuality of alternative therapeutic methods search. In cases without anatomical obstacles to urinary flow, including patients with functional disorders of urination, the application of the phytodrug Canephron N, which contains three medicinal plants (centaury herb, lovage root and rosemary leaves), can be effective. The drug is prescribed after antibacterial therapy or simultaneously with it, is effective as an anti-relapse therapy, helps to reduce crystalluria and normalize the passage of urine. In vitro experiments show its ability to inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms. The drug in the form of a solution can be prescribed to children aged 1 year and older.

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