This suggests that a loading dose of valproate is likely safe and may provide an earlier onset of antimanic effects in patients with bipolar disorder. Future studies with larger sample sizes are indicated.

Caution should be exercised in the use of antidepressants in patients with bipolar mood disorders.

These findings suggest that the patients with BMD are more disorganized in the right anterior hemisphere and that there is a significant positive correlation between the QEEG measures and the presence of family history of BMD. Further studies in a larger sample are required to confirm these preliminary findings.

We present a case of a 74-year-old patient with schizoaffective disorder, who developed risperidone-related neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This patient responded satisfactorily to the supportive management and vit E plus vit B6.