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The straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea (Bulliard ex Fries) Singer, (V. volvacea), a tropical and sub-tropical mushroom is an invaluable vegetable. Nutritional properties of straw mushrooms grown on plantain leaves, maize husk and waste cotton were investigated. Aim: The aim of this study was to recommend these agro-wastes for mushroom production by farmers instead of relying solely on seasonal wild hunting, and to promote consumption of the mushroom. Method: Ten percent (10%) of the mushrooms spawn was used to inoculate 500 g of each substrate in plastic baskets. Mushrooms were harvested after twenty days of incubation followed by proximate analysis of the fruiting bodies. Results: Results indicated that the fruiting bodies harvested from the substrates varied significantly (P < 0.05) in carbohydrate, protein, ash and fiber percentage, with maize having the highest value. However, no significant difference was observed in moisture and lipid content. Mushrooms grown on maize substrate showed better nutritional properties compared with other substrates. Conclusion: These agro wastes are recommended for production of V. volvacea.

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The effects of poultry manure and spent mushroom substrate on the growth and yield of pineapple were investigated in Port Harcourt. The aim was to determine the most productive soil enrichment material that will enhance the production of pineapple in the area. A complete randomized block design with three replications was adopted. Data were collected monthly for eight months. Results shows that spent mushroom substrate and poultry manure did not show any significant (P < 0.05) difference on growth performance and on yield. But spent mushroom substrate gave a higher plant height (85.5 cm) than poultry manure (81.0 cm) all at 500 g rate of application per plant. Poultry manure gave a higher number of fruits (7) which weighed 13.52 kg/plot than soil enriched with spent mushroom substrate which produced 6 fruits weighing 12.42 kg/plot. The control (No treatment) exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) difference among other treatment. Its plant height was 67.75 cm while it gave a yield of 3 fruits (6.95 kg/plot). Therefore, poultry manure was observed to perform better during fruit production while spent mushroom substrate enhanced growth performance on the studied crop.

Amaç: Bu tasarım çalışması "International Conference on Harmonization" rehberleri kapsamındaki tasarımda kalite yaklaşımı çerçevesinde uygulanmıştır. Yapay sinir ağları (ANN) kullanılarak ketiapin fumaratın değiştirilmiş salımlı tablet formülasyonunun kalitesi değerlendirilmiş ve referans ürüne benzer olan yeni bir formülasyon tespit edilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: On iki farklı formül üretilmiş ve test edilmiştir. Referans ürünün analiz sonuçları ve deneysel sonuçlarımız çıktı olarak Intelligensys Ltd. şirketine ait programlarında ANN'nin eğitimi için kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: INForm V.4 ANN programı tarafından önerilen yeni bir formülasyon (F13) ile gastrointestinal sistemdeki üç farklı pH da çözünme testleri yapılmıştır. Bu formülasyonun uygunluğu da f2 benzerlik testi sonuçları karşılaştırılarak doğrulanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu programların kullanılması, çoklu değerlendirme yöntemleri ve daha düşük maliyetle Ar-Ge süreçlerini desteklemekte ve alternatif formülasyonlar daha hızlı tespit edilebilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Ketiapin fumarat, tasarımda kalite, yapay sinir ağları, bulanık mantık, uzatılmış salım tabletler, yaş granülasyon Objectives: This design study was implemented within the scope of the quality by design approach, which included the "International Conference on Harmonization" guidelines. We evaluated the quality of a modified-release tablet formulation of quetiapine fumarate, which was designed using artificial neural networks (ANN), and determined a new formulation that was similar to the reference product. Materials and Methods: Twelve different formulations were produced and tested. The reference product's results and our experimental results were used as outputs for the training of the ANN programs of Intelligensys Ltd. Results: Dissolution tests were performed with the new formulation (F13) suggested by the INForm V.4 ANN program in three different pHs of the gastrointestinal system. The compliance of this formulation was confirmed by comparing the results with an f2 similarity test. Conclusion: Use of these programs supports research and development processes with multiple evaluation methods and alternative formulations may be determined faster and at lower cost.