Aim. To study the dominant antenatal and postnatal risk factors for development early childhood caries (12 – 47 months).Materials and methods. In order to study the dental morbidity of the child population aged 1 to 3 years, permanently living in Moscow, an epidemiological examination of 510 children was carried out. To determine the dental status of the subjects, clinical research methods were carried out. To assess antenatal and postnatal risk factors for the development of caries in children aged 1 to 3 years, a questionnaire survey was conducted between parents or legal representatives. The survey participants answered 5 questions that are important for understanding the causes of early tooth decay.Conclusions. With growing up, the prevalence of caries increases. The prevalence of Early Childhood Caries among the boys and the girls aged 12-23 months and 24-35 months depends on the sex of the child. A statistically significant difference in the intensity of caries in different age groups was revealed; the older the age group, the higher the intensity of caries. The risk of caries in children in the group with the pathological course of the mother's pregnancy is higher than in the group with the normal course of pregnancy. A statistically significant relationship was found between the prevalence of caries in children and the age at which toothbrushing began.

In dentistry, the method of laser flowmetry (LDF) is used to assess the microcirculatory changes of the oral cavity in normal and pathological conditions. This method is simple and atraumatic, which allows us to quickly and reliably carry out functional diagnostics. LDF is also widely used in related disciplines. The purpose of this review is to assess the microcirculation of intact periodontal tissues in children.

Aim. To study the prevalence, intensity and features of the clinical course of caries in children from 1 to 5 years old, to improve the registration of dental morbidity.Materials and methods. An epidemiological and clinical examination of the child population was carried out as part of preventive medical examinations of minors. The study involved 1930 children from Moscow, aged from 1 to 5 years. The epidemiological survey was carried out to study the dental morbidity in children of early childhood and preschool age. Clinical research methods were carried out to determine the dental status of the subjects. All studies in children were performed with informed voluntary consent. Parents or legal representatives signed their consent to the survey. Results. Analysis of the results of preventive medical examinations of minors made it possible to determine the prevalence, intensity and characteristics of the clinical course of caries in the period of early childhood (preschool period) and preschool age among the children's population of Moscow.Conclusions. It was found that the prevalence and intensity indicators increase as children grow up, the depth of the lesion and the localization of carious lesions change at different age periods.

Цель исследования-изучение эффективности лечения пациентов с зубочелюстными аномалиями путем сочетанного применения ортодонтической аппаратуры и вакуум-градиентной терапии. Материал и методы. Были обследованы 57 пациентов в возрасте от 25 до 35 лет (средний возраст 28,8±4,6 года) с сужением в области премоляров и скученностью резцов. Пациентов разделили на две группы, в 1-й группе (n=29) ортодонтическая коррекция сочеталась с вакуум-градиентной терапией пародонта перемещаемых зубов при помощи модификации прибора «АВЛТ-Десна», во 2-й группе (n=28)-только ортодонтическая аппаратурная коррекция. Проводилось изучение микрогемоциркуляции и лимфотока методом лазерной допплерофлоуметрии. Результаты. Установлено, что ортодонтическая коррекция влияет на состояние микрогемоциркуляции и лимфотока в тканях десны перемещаемых зубов, изменяет ее показатели и улучшает гемодинамические механизмы регуляции. При зубочелюстных аномалиях и тесном положении зубов лимфоток работает с большей нагрузкой на фоне сниженной микрогемоциркуляции. Заключение. Метод вакуум-градиентной терапии как дополнительный в комплексном лечении зубочелюстных аномалий позволяет ускорить ортодонтическое лечение и улучшить состояние микроциркуляции и лимфотока в области перемещаемых зубов.

Aim. To study and analyze the prevalence, intensity of caries in children during the period of early mixed dentition (6-9 years) depending on age and gender.Materials and methods. In accordance with the goal, an epidemiological survey of the child population was carried out as part of preventive medical examinations of minors to study dental morbidity in children aged 6 to 9 years in Moscow. Clinical research methods were used to determine the dental status of the examined children. The results of the survey were processed statistically.Conclusions. The prevalence of caries in children aged 6-9 years corresponds to the average level in all age periods, for both sexes. The index of caries intensity at the age of 6 years in boys is higher than in girls (p = 0.013), at the age of 7 and 8 years, boys and girls have a similar caries intensity (p = 0.6), at 9 years old, girls have a higher caries intensity (p < 0.0001). In boys, there is no statistically significant difference in the index of caries intensity depending on age (p = 0.064), in girls there is a tendency towards an increase in the caries intensity index (p < 0.0001). In all age periods, the “с” and “С” components prevail in the structure of the caries intensity index, and this component is higher in girls than in boys. The indicator "f" and "F" in all age periods is higher in boys than in girls.