The relationship of 50 Campylobacter strains isolated from aborted ovine foetuses, and the faeces of sheep, cattle and chickens were determined by numerical analysis of electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles. Comparison of protein patterns by numerical methods revealed differences between C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni, and C. coli strains as well as heterogeneity among isolates from different outbreaks. Isolates from each farm produced a distinct cluster and flocks from different locations were found to be infected with relatively different strains. In most cases, protein patterns of ovine foetal isolates were very similar to those of ovine faecal isolates. Ovine isolates of C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli gave similar protein patterns to the corresponding Campylobacter species isolated from cattle or chicken, on the same farm. Thus, it was concluded that certain protein types of ovine Campylobacter strains were more likely associated with local areas, and Campylobacter strains causing ovine abortions are distributed in the environment more widely than assumed to date.

Produced from PhD thesis titled "The effect of using Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a probiotic on the performance of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)".

The relationship of 50 Campylobacter strains isolated from aborted ovine foetuses, and the faeces of sheep, cattle and chickens were determined by numerical analysis of electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles. Comparison of protein patterns by numerical methods revealed differences between C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni, and C. coli strains as well as heterogeneity among isolates from different outbreaks. Isolates from each farm produced a distinct cluster and flocks from different locations were found to be infected with relatively different strains. In most cases, protein patterns of ovine foetal isolates were very similar to those of ovine faecal isolates. Ovine isolates of C. fetus ssp. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli gave similar protein patterns to the corresponding Campylobacter species isolated from cattle or chicken, on the same farm. Thus, it was concluded that certain protein types of ovine Campylobacter strains were more likely associated with local areas, and Campylobacter strains causing ovine abortions are distributed in the environment more widely than assumed to date.

Özet: Bu çalışmada, Newcastle hastalığına karşı göze ve buruna damla yoluyla aşılanan civcivlerde oluşan antikor düzeyi ve bağışıklığın durumu karşılaştırıldı. Hayvanlar iki gruba ayrıldı ve gruplardan biri göze damla diğeri buruna damla yoluyla aşılandı. Periyodik olarak alınan kan numunelerine hemaglutinasyon inhibisyon testi uygulandı. Ortalama maternal antikor titreleri Log2 HI 5,03 olarak saptandı. HBI aşı virusu ile göze ve buruna damla yoluyla yapılan aşılamalsrda sırasıyla ortalama Log2 HI titresi 8,52 ve 8,96 elde edildi. LaSota aşı virusu kullanılarak her iki grup içme suyu yolu ile yeniden aşılandı. HB i aşı virusu göze damla+LaSota aşı virusu içme suyu ile aşılananlarda ortalama Log2 HI titresi 8,80 iken HBl aşı virusu buruna damla+LaSota aşı virusu içme suyu ile aşılananlarda da 9,06 olarak tespit edildi. Periyodik olarak 15 gün ara ile alınan kan nu .mnelerinde ise sırası ile birinci ve ikinci grupta 62. günde 6.40 ve 6.80, n. In this s,tudy, antibody Ievel and immunity produced in chicks vaccinated against Newcastıc disease via the eye drop and the nostril drop were compared. Chicks were divided into two groups; one group was vaccinated via the eye drop and the other group via the nostril drop. Blood samples taken periodically were assessed by haemaglutination inhibition test. Mean maternal antibody titre of chicks was determined as Log2 HI 5.03. Mean Log2 HI titres in chicks vaccinated with HB i vaccine strain via the eye drop and the nostril drop were found to be. 8.52 and 8.96, respectively. Each group were re-vaccinated via in drinking water with LaSota vaccine virus. Antibody titres in blood samples taken from re-vaccinated animals were 8.80 and 9.06 in groups received HB i vaccine virus via the eye drop+LaSota vaccine virus in drinking water and HB i vaccine virus via the nostril drop+LaSota vaccine virus in drinking water, respectively. The chicks were bled on each 15 consecutive days and antibody titres in groups i and 2 were .found to be 6.40 and 6.80 on the 62 nd day, 5.80 and 5.93 on the n th day, 5.20 and 5.33 on the nnd day, and 4.93 and 5.06 on the 1071hday.

Öz: Kedi ve köpeklerden sıklıkla izole edilen Staphylococcus türlerinin metisilin ve çoklu ilaç dirençliliği (MDR) artışı çalışmamızın temelini oluşturdu. Bu amaçla, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesi'ne getirilen 100 adet köpek ve 42 adet kediye ait toplamda 142 adet klinik örnek (yara, kulak, göz, burun, deri svapları gibi) çalışıldı. İncelenen örneklerden izole edilen Staphylococcus spp. izolatlarının tür düzeyinde identifikasyonu, VITEK-2 mikrobiyal ID/ADT test sistemi ve API Staph identifikasyon sistemi ile gerçekleştirildi. Staphylococcus izolatlarının antimikrobiyal duyarlılık analizleri VITEK-2 otomatize sistem aracılığı ile gerçekleştirildi. İncelenen numunelerden 78 adet (%54.92) Staphylococcus spp. izole edildi. İzolatların 52'si (%66.67) Koagulaz pozitif Staphylococcus (CoPS) ve 16'sı (%20.51) Koagulaz negatif Staphylococcus (CoNS) olarak identifiye edildi. CoPS'lar arasında en yüksek oranda identifiye edilen türlerin Staphylococcus (S.) pseudintermedius (%38,46) ve S. aureus (%25.64); CoNS'lar arasında ise S. chromogenes (%10.26) olduğu belirlendi. Antimikrobiyal madde duyarlılık analizleri sonucu, 11 (%28.2) izolat metisilin dirençli S. aureus (MRSA), 10 (%25.64) izolat metisilin dirençli S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) ve 10 (%25.64) izolat metisilin dirençli Koagulaz negatif Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca çoklu ilaç direnci tespit edilen türlerin 6'sında (%40.00) MDR-MRSP ve 4'ünde (%26.66) MDR-MRSA pozitifliği belirlendi. Toplamda 23 adet MDR Staphylococcus spp. izolatının 21 adedi köpeklerden ve 2 adedi de kedilerden izole edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler ışığında artan çoklu ilaç direncinin güncel yaklaşımlarını hayvanlardan izole edilen Staphylococcus türlerinde inceleyerek tedavi protokollerinin bu çerçevede uygulanmasına katkı sağlandı.