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Introduction: Dye is used for the artificial colouration of a substance to facilitate its examination by the use of the coloured organic molecule, a process called staining. Over the past many years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many disadvantages associated with them like toxicity and allergenicity. This study aimed to determine the staining effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts of various concentration, various pH and duration in bacteria staining compared with Gram’s staining. Methods: Standard Gram stains as control and both Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcohol and boiled water) were used to stain inflammatory appendix tissue and lung tissue inoculated with bacteria using various concentration (5% and 10%), at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour) and with change of pH, achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid. Each was used as a counterstain in bacterial stain (to replace Safranin/Neutral red) Safranin/Neutral red. Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic but the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the extracts. The Hibiscus solutions gave the background, a brown colouration. And inflammatory cells were demonstrated better than the bacteria with aqueous Hibiscus solution strongly when compared with the alcoholic Hibiscus solution. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that Hibiscus solution has the potential for use in diagnostic bacteriology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.

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Aim: The study was carried out to determine the Immunohistochemical Correlation between the Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and Triple Negative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) tissues Materials and Method: Twenty two (22) cases of archived female breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma tissue blocks that are Negative to ER, PR, and HER-2 (Triple Negative) were used. The tissue blocks were sectioned at not more than 2µm each. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method and immunohistochemical staining technique using VDR antibodies were done and the results were correlated. Result and Discussion: The results show that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) found comparing the immunohistochemical expression of VDR with Triple Negative IDC tissues but strong positivity is shown in VDR positive IDC tissues. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference found in the expression of VDR with Triple negative IDC tissues; therefore VDR cannot be use as substitute in cases of triple negative IDC tissues but can be an additional antibody and of therapeutic target in breast cancer.