Стаття колективу провідних вчених педіатрів та організаторів педіатричної охорони здоров’я України присвячена вивченню основних тенденцій у стані здоров’я дитячого населення країни за останні 22 роки. Аналіз захворюваності та поширеності хвороб серед дитячого населення України, рівнів малюкової смертності протягом останніх двох десятиліть свідчить про те, що вони залишаються значно вищими від середньоєвропейських показників на тлі прогресивного зменшення чисельності дитячої популяції на 3,16 млн осіб. Поширеність дитячих хвороб в Україні за останні 22 роки зросла на 41 %, захворюваність на дитячі хвороби — на 36 %. Розглянуті шляхи вирішення низки нових соціальних та медико-екологічних проблем, що негативно впливають на здоров’я дітей.
The aim: To analyze the problems of PMTCT of HIV and to clarify the ways for their solving through the increasing their obstetrical and gynecological services at the primary health care level. Materials and methods: Bibliosemantic, statistical and method of structural and logical analysis. The research materials are the data of the statistical reports for the period 2016-2020. Conclusions: The analysis of the problems of PMTCT for HIV demonstrated that in Ukraine there is insufficient availability of pregnant women for HIV testing, the excessive duration of the existing algorithm for testing pregnant women for HIV, the imperfect system of referrals of pregnant women for timely diagnosis, as a result, late and therefore less effective the prophylactic antiretroviral therapy (ART), defects in the effectiveness of standardization of health care for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with the participation of primary healthcare specialists, the main representative of which is a general practitioner – family medicine (GP-FD).
Reproductive health implies the right of men and women to the information and access to the safe, effective, affordable and acceptable methods of family planning and other methods of birth control that do not contradict the law, and the right to access appropriate health services, which allow a woman to have a safe pregnancy and childbirth, give the parents the best opportunity to give birth to a healthy baby.Review objective: to analyses of reproductive health of the Ukrainian female population, coverage of the problems and finding the ways to solve them in the context of medical reform in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The materials were international and Ukrainian documents on this problem, the research methods were bibliosemantic, statistical and structural logical analysis. Results. The national family planning system in Ukraine has been specially developed according to the world model, the results of which are aimed at the formation of safe sexual behavior among the population, the interest in maintaining and improving personal health and the foundations of responsible fatherhood. This system has become the basis for the formation of the reproductive function of the younger generation and the preservation of reproductive health in the future. The extremely positive changes that have taken place in recent years are currently taking a negative trend, which indicates a failure in the system of maternal and child health and indicates the need to improve organizational and clinical technologies. Despite the positive changes in the organization of perinatal care, the health problems of pregnant women, which are factors in maternal and child health, remain quite complex.Conclusion. In Ukraine, compared to the leading countries of the world, there is a low level of reproductive health of the female population, which can negatively affect the process of reproduction of the population. This situation requires the development of measures to further influence the factors of reproductive health disorders at the state, sectoral and inter-sectoral levels, and their effective implementation in the activities of health care institutions in the context of administrative and medical reform.
In the historical dimension in Ukraine, family medicine (SM) was founded as a pilot project in the Lviv region in 1987. In 1992, after the successful introduction of the elements of the SM, a decision was made to reorganize the district service in the SM. This process was designed for several years and its implementation was planned in 5 stages: Stage I - UT (local therapist) perform the functions of doctors whose specialization is as close as possible to therapy; Stage II - UT replace doctors of narrower specialties; Stage III - UT provide not only primary health care (PTD), but also monitor patients with chronic diseases; Stage IV - UT provide obstetric and gynecological care, and pregnant women seek help from a family doctor; Stage V - complete retraining of UT, who must become qualified general practitioners - family medicine (GP-SM).The introduction of obstetric and gynecological services in the medical department was planned at stage IV, this process was long-awaited and provided, first of all, the training of family doctors in obstetric and gynecological technologies and skills. And only in 2002, the sectoral Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 503 of 28.12.2002 «On the improvement of outpatient obstetric and gynecological care in Ukraine» for the first time defined the features of the functions of a family doctor to provide obstetric and gynecological care, and the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 15.07.2011 No. 417 “On the organization of outpatient obstetric and gynecological care in Ukraine”, the functions of the GP-SM on obstetric and gynecological care were expanded.However, taking into account the results of the analysis, the integration of obstetric and gynecological services at the PHC level is extremely imperfect, which makes it inaccessible to the population, ineffective in the preventive direction, unattainable for organizing the treatment process in cases of gynecological diseases. In addition, there are legal conflicts between the sectoral order on PMP No. 504 «On the approval of the procedure for the provision of primary health care», which does not define examination and instrumental obstetric and gynecological technologies for GP-SM, and the designated clinical protocols approved by orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine which do not contribute to the integration of obstetric and gynecological services at the PHC level.
Національна медична академія післядипломної освіти імені П.Л. Шупика, м. Київ Ужгородський національний університет Мета дослідження: визначення обсягів надання лікарями загальної практики-сімейними лікарями акушерськогінекологічної допомоги та визначення характеристики взаємозв'язку первинної ланки медичної допомоги з акушерсько-гінекологічними службами. Матеріали та методи. У процесі виконання дослідження було опитано 434 лікарів загальної практики-сімейних лікарів. Результати. Встановлено, що 66,36±2,4% опитаних сімейних лікарів проводять скринінгові огляди жінок на раннє виявлення захворювань грудної залози, 29,49±2,3%-на раннє виявлення патології шийки матки, 31,80±2,3% надають медичну допомогу жінкам при гінекологічних захворюваннях та 27,88±2,2% лікарів-при хворобах, що передаються статевим шляхом. медичну допомогу вагітним надають 55,99±2,5% опитаних лікарів, а у післяпологовий період-47,69±2,5% респондентів. Заключення. Жінки зазвичай самостійно звертаються до лікарів акушерів-гінекологів. Третина опитаних сімейних лікарів зазначили, що до стаціонарних відділень жінки можуть скеровуватися виключно лікарями акушерамигінекологами. Ключові слова: лікарі загальної практики-сімейні лікарі, акушерсько-гінекологічна допомога, надання.
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