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PurposePoint spread function (PSF) reconstruction improves spatial resolution throughout the entire field of view of a PET system and can detect smaller metastatic deposits than conventional algorithms such as OSEM. We assessed the impact of PSF reconstruction on quantitative values and diagnostic accuracy for axillary staging of breast cancer patients, compared with an OSEM reconstruction, with emphasis on the size of nodal metastases.MethodsThis was a prospective study in a single referral centre in which 50 patients underwent an 18F-FDG PET examination before axillary lymph node dissection. PET data were reconstructed with an OSEM algorithm and PSF reconstruction, analysed blindly and validated by a pathologist who measured the largest nodal metastasis per axilla. This size was used to evaluate PET diagnostic performance.ResultsOn pathology, 34 patients (68 %) had nodal involvement. Overall, the median size of the largest nodal metastasis per axilla was 7 mm (range 0.5 – 40 mm). PSF reconstruction detected more involved nodes than OSEM reconstruction (p = 0.003). The mean PSF to OSEM SUVmax ratio was 1.66 (95 % CI 1.01 – 2.32). The sensitivities of PSF and OSEM reconstructions were, respectively, 96 % and 92 % in patients with a largest nodal metastasis of >7 mm, 60 % and 40 % in patients with a largest nodal metastasis of ≤7 mm, and 92 % and 69 % in patients with a primary tumour ≤30 mm. Biggerstaff graphical comparison showed that globally PSF reconstruction was superior to OSEM reconstruction. The median sizes of the largest nodal metastasis in patients with nodal involvement not detected by either PSF or OSEM reconstruction, detected by PSF but not by OSEM reconstruction and detected by both reconstructions were 3, 6 and 16 mm (p = 0.0064) respectively. In patients with nodal involvement detected by PSF reconstruction but not by OSEM reconstruction, the smallest detectable metastasis was 1.8 mm.ConclusionAs a result of better activity recovery, PET with PSF reconstruction performed better than PET with OSEM reconstruction in detecting nodal metastases ≤7 mm. However, its sensitivity is still insufficient for it to replace surgical approaches for axillary staging. PET with PSF reconstruction could be used to perform sentinel node biopsy more safely in patients with a primary tumour ≤30 mm and with unremarkable PET results in the axilla.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00259-014-2689-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Early metabolic response to systemic corticosteroid treatment may be used as a tool in the establishment of final diagnosis when sarcoidosis is suspected in a cancer patient and could be capable of differentiating cancer from sarcoidosis in the case of coexisting diseases.

Overall and disease-free survival results indicate that delayed adjuvant tamoxifen administration (30 mg/day) is justified in women with early breast cancer, even if this treatment is initiated two or more years after primary treatment.

The likelihood of depicting recurrence was influenced by CA 15-3 blood level and doubling time. Further studies are required to confirm that selections of patients based on those criteria could improve the sensitivity of positron emission tomography in the detection of breast cancer recurrence, particularly in the case of low CA 15-3 blood level.