The relevance of this article is due to the importance of labor migration and remittances from migrant workers for the economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of remittances on living standards in Tajikistan at both the national and local levels. It is known that labor migration has become a significant socio-economic phenomenon for the country and society, involving a large part of Tajikistan’s population. Using statistical and sociological research methods, the authors show the key trends and the scale of labor emigration from Tajikistan in 1990-2020, as well as the socio-demographic structure of migrant worker flows from Tajikistan to the Russian Federation and other countries, with identification of a new trend towards a reorientation of migration flows to OECD countries. It has been established that migrant remittances have a positive impact on GDP growth, helping to open small businesses, develop entrepreneurship, create new jobs in the private sector, and boost construction. Remittances stimulate additional consumption: migrant workers’ households have more opportunities to meet their basic needs for food, consumer goods and durables, education, etc. The negative impact of remittances is that they actually help to meet only current needs, while the creation of new, high-technology jobs is slow and insufficient, lagging behind population growth. The country thus becomes hostage to external market conditions: the demand for foreign labor and crisis phenomena in the receiving countries.
В последние 2 десятилетия в Кыргызской Республике, как и в других странах СНГ, отмечается тенденция к ухудшению показателей здоровья детей школьного возраста. Результаты углубленных медицинских осмотров среди детского населения Кыргызской Республики за последние годы показали повышение уровня заболеваемости желудочно-кишечного тракта, болезней крови и кроветворных органов. По данным Национального Центра охраны материнства и детства Министерства здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики в 2012 г. по стране 43% детей страдали железодефицитной анемией, самый высокий показатель распространенности железодефицитной анемии среди детей отмечался в Чуйской области Кыргызской Республики, составляя 59%. Для предупреждения развития заболеваний детей имеет важное значение обеспечение их сбалансированным рациональным питанием. С целью определения заболеваемости учащихся общеобразовательных школ сельской местности Чуйской области с разной формой организации школьного питания изучена их общая заболеваемость, в том числе алиментарно-зависимая патология. По результатам исследования выявлены различия в состоянии здоровья школьников изучаемых модельных групп. Отмечена необходимость развития оптимизации школьного питания, совершенствования и повышения эффективности гигиенического обучения в школах в области рационального питания детей, профилактики алиментарно-зависимых болезней. Ключевые слова: заболеваемость, школьное питание, общеобразовательные школы, учащиеся, факторы риска, железодефицитная анемия, физическое развитие, анкетный опрос.
The study included 10,480 urban and rural schoolchildren aged 7-17 years, born in the high-mountain area of the Naryn oblast of the Kyrgyz Republic, located at more than 2500 m above sea level. Statistical parameters of body length and weight, chest circumference were studied. The greatest increment in the body length in urban boys falls to 14 years (rate of increase 5.69%), and that for rural boys - to 13 years of age (rate of increase 5.18%), the annual increase in the body length in urban and rural schoolgirls is lower than the average increase in boys by 31% and 16 % respectively. The greatest gender differences between boys and girls are found at the age of 12 years, after which the rate of longitudinal growth of girls decreases. In boys, increments in longitudinal height sharply rise at the age of 14 years. Average arithmetic indices of body length and weight of schoolchildren in Bishkek (2013) are significantly higher in all age groups as compared to the body length and weight of schoolchildren in the city of Naryn.
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