Polymorbidity is the presence of several synchronically occurring diseases (genetically or pathogenetically related or unrelated) in one person at different stages and phases of their development, is accompanied by higher mortality rates, higher disability rates, treatment side effects, increased consumption of the patient’s body resources, lower quality of life. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the association of polymorbidity and intact bone tissues’ heterogeneity in patients with malignant and metastatic bone tumors. Material and methods. 16 patients with benign bone tumors, 25 – with primary malignant bone tumors and 22 – with metastatic bone tumors were investigated with multispiral tomography scanner: 33 (52.4 %) men and 30 (47.6 %) women aged 25 to 75 years. The control group consisted of 37 patients with suspected tumor lesions of the bones, but the diagnosis was not confirmed. To assess polymorbidity in patients, the CIRS-G system was applied. Conclusion. An increase in polymorbidity level is associated with a decrease in RGD and an increase in the texture heterogeneity of computed tomographic images of the spongy and compact bones (the pattern is reliable, P <0.01) in the series: practically healthy individuals, patients with benign tumors, patients with malignant tumors, patients with metastatic tumors.

The purpose of the investigation is to study biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer during periods of stable remission and recurrence/metastasis and to assess their informative value in the diagnosis and monitoring of skeletal lesions. The study included 21 female patients with breast cancer and 18 male patients with prostate cancer. The start of monitoring is at least 3 years after complete tumor regression as a result of treatment: breast cancer – radical mastectomy, prostate cancer – radical prostatectomy. Markers of bone resorption (urine deoxypyridinoline, C-terminal telopeptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of blood serum) and osteogenesis (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin of blood serum) in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer can be used for early diagnosis of metastasis in the skeleton bones: changes in indicators are observed 6-10 months before the first radiological/ MRI signs appear. The application of simultaneously used markers of bone resorption and osteogenesis in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer provides a sensitivity of 89.7 %, a specificity of 84.5 %, a positive predictive value of 82.6 % and a negative predictive value of 95.3 %.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the vitamin D content, melatonin and the characteristics of pineal gland calcifications in patients with malignant tumors of the bones of the lower extremities. Vitamin D deficiency and pineal gland calcifications are observed in almost 100 % of patients with malignant tumors of the lower extremities’ bones. The high heterogeneity of calcifications and its dynamics during the treatment of patients may indicate the processes of their litholysis and dissolution.

Проаналізовано сучасний стан застосування консервативного й оперативного методів лікування переломів променевої кістки в типовому місці. Розглянуто роль репозиції, консервативних і оперативних методів лікування цих переломів. Наведено цікавий випадок комплексного оперативного лікування перелому Бартона.