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Introduction: Inflammatory skin diseases are a significant burden on affected patients. Inflammation is caused by various stress factors to the epidermis resulting in, e.g., dryness, redness, and pruritus. Emollients are used in basic therapy to restore the natural skin barrier and relieve symptoms. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ectoine-containing topical formulations in inflammatory skin diseases characterized by an impaired skin barrier. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Microsoft Academic up to October 2021. Inclusion criteria were ectoine-containing topical formulations (creams, emollients) used for (adjuvant) therapy of inflammatory skin diseases. Clinical studies of any design published in any language were included. Results: A total of 230 references were screened for eligibility, of which six were selected for

Резюме. Цель исследования: оценить динамику иммунологических показателей при проведе-нии сублингвальной аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии смесью из пыльцы деревьев у детей с поллинозом. Материалы и методы: в исследование включено 100 больных в возрасте от 5 до 18 лет, страдающих поллинозом. Аллерген-специфическую иммунотерапию проводили в предсезонный пе-риод в течение 3 лет. Динамику цитокинов в сыворотке крови и в смывах из полости носа изучали до лечения и после 2-го и 3-го курса лечения. Результаты: в процессе лечения выявлено повышение концентрации IL-10, IFNγ и уменьшение содержания IL-4 в сыворотке крови. Значимой динамики содержания цитокинов в смывах из полости носа не выявлено. Выводы: выявленные изменения со-ответствуют изменению профиля Т-клеточного ответа в сторону Th1-пути, что подтверждает эффек-тивность сублингвальной аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии на патогенетическом уровне. Changes of immune indexes during sublingual allergen-speCifiC immunotherapy in Children with hay feverabstract. Aims of study: evaluation of immunological parameters in course of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy with tree pollen mixture in children with hay fever. Materials and methods: the study included one-hundred patients 5 to 18 years of age with hay fever (pollen rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma). Allergen-specific immunotherapy was administered pre-seasonally for three consecutive years. Cytokine changes were studied in blood serum and in lavages from nasal cavity. Samples assessed before treatment and after 2 nd and 3 rd courses SLIT completion. Results: increased serum concentrations of IL-10, IFNγ, and decreased IL-4 contents were revealed in the course of treatment. No significant changes in cytokine concentrations were detectable in nasal lavages. Conclusions: the changes revealed correspond to a shift of T cell response profile towards Th1 pathway, thus confirming pathogenetic effects of sublingual allergen-specific therapy.

Objective. To determine the diagnostic significance of methods of allergological diagnostics: skin prick tests (SPT), quantitative determination of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) and nasal provocative test (NPT) in children with allergy to house dust mites (HDM) diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR) or AR in combination with asthma. Methods. Patients underwent a targeted history taking for possible domestic sensitization, SPT with HDM allergens, NPT with HDM, and sIgE to HDM allergens was determined by the ImmunoCAP method. Results. The statistical processing group included 109 children (67 boys, 42 girls, aged 5 to 17,9 years (mean age 8,9±2,52 years)), in whom sensitization to HDM was confirmed by at least one of the methods used in the study. A higher sensitivity of SPT then of sIgE was determined (96,3% and 81,6%, respectively). According to SPT and sIgE results, sensitization to both types of mites (D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae) is more common than isolated. Coincidence of positive results of SPT and sIgE was obtained in 84 cases (77,1%). Conclusion. SPT can be considered as the first line of investigation. The use of a complex of examination methods is necessary to determine the role of sensitization to HDM, if NPT is taken as the «gold» standard of diagnosis.

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