Introduction: In last few decades, rapid industrialization and the fast pace of life have brought both comforts and catastrophe like road traffic accidents and crippling many young lives. High velocity road traffic accidents are responsible for distal femur fractures more commonly observed in the young and middle aged patients. This necessitates early stabilization of fractures. Internal fixation is the choice of treatment in fractures distal femur and Locking Condylar plate has shown to give one of the best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and the functional outcome. Aims and objective: To study the outcome of open reduction and locking plate fixation of fractures of distal end of femur and to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of the Locking plate fixation method of treatment of fractures of distal end of femur. Material and Method: It is a prospective observational study. Conducted in patients admitted to Department of Orthopedics' at BLDEU'S Shri B.M. Patil's Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura with diagnosis of distal Femur fracture.The patients were informed about study in all respects and informed written consent was obtained. Period of study was between November 2017 to May 2019. Follow up period was for 6 months. Data was analysed by SPSS v21 and p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our study 22 cases studied in our series were with 18 males and 4 females' patients. 15 of the fractures were caused by road traffic accidents (RTA), 6 were due to fall and 1 was due to assault. 15 patients were with fracture on right side and 7 on left side. 1 was Muller's type A1, 6 were Muller's type A2, 4 were Muller's type A3, 1 was Muller's type C1, 6 were Muller's type C2 and remaining 4 were with Muller's type C3 fracture. The duration of time required by patients to bear full weight was with mean of 15.8 weeks of time. The radiological union was seen at median of 17 weeks following surgery. Average flexion in the study of the limb was 110º angles with more than 50% patients having knee range of motion more than 120º. The outcome in form of regaining the knee function is assessed using NEER's scoring system. The median NEER's score in study was 94.5. Among 22 patients included, 12 patients showed excellent outcome, 6 with good and 4 with fair outcome at the follow-up. Poor outcome was found in patients with Muller's type C3 and type A3 fractures. Conclusion:To conclude, Locking Compression Plate is an important armamentarium in treatment of fractures around knee especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis. Fixation with locking condylar plate showed more effectiveness in severely osteoporotic bones, shorter post-operative stay, faster recovery, earlier union rates and excellent functional outcome compared to alternative procedures in other studies. Further study in large number of patients is required to comment regarding disadvantages and complications.

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INTRODUCTION:India is considered as the diabetic capital of the world. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis is considered as one of the severe complications of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis tends to complicate around one third of diabetic foot infections. In view of this we conducted a prospective study on the bacteriological analysis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis at a tertiary care center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed at a tertiary care hospital in India. 78 Diabetic patients with foot ulcers were recruited in the study during the year June 2013 to November 2014 after obtaining written informed consent. All subjects underwent detailed clinical examination. Foot x-ray was done and cases which showed evidence of osteomyelitis were chosen for the study. Swab/tissue samples after debriding the wound were collected aseptically from the wound site and sent for blood culture, isolation and identification of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity tests for the isolated bacteria were performed by disc diffusion method against commonly used antibiotics. RESULTS: In our study we found that most diabetic foot infections with osteomyelitis occur after 10 years of the onset of diabetes mellitus, most belonged to age group 41 to 50yrs. Altogether 86 bacteria were isolated from 54 cases. Among 82 bacterial isolates, 54 (63 %) were Gram negative. CONCLUSION: Diabetic foot osteomyelitis are caused majority by gram negative bacteria, followed by gram positive organism.

Background: The frequency of Femur Neck fracture, one of the most common traumatic injuries in the elderly increases continuously due to the ageing of population on the planet [1] . It has been predicted that by 2050, the number of hip fractures would triple. Modular bipolar is an intermediate between the more type and total hip replacement, The primary goal of treatment of in the active elderly population is early restoration of premorbid walking ability and excellence of life Materials and methods: A prospective, single blinded, randomized control trial with 33 cases, out of which 12 were males and 21 were females was conducted. The postoperative evaluation was done both clinically and radiologically. Out of the 33 cases, all patients were available for follow up till one year which was taken as a basic pre-requisite for inclusion in the study. At each follow up, patients were evaluated clinically using the Modified Harris Hip Score and radiologically with appropriate X-rays. Results: The modified harris hip score where by the end of one year there is 81.9% of good functional outcome. During study period 3 (9.7%) of the patients died due to medical conditions unrelated to surgical cause. the clinical outcome where in 27.2% had Excellent results, 45.5% had Good results and 12.1% had poor results. In our study we noticed that 4 of the patients were able to sit crossed leg and squat. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty using Modular Bipolar prosthesis for fractures of the femoral neck provides freedom from pain, better range of movement and more rapid return to unassisted activity with an acceptable complication rate. The long term results using Modular bipolar prosthesis needs further study fora longer period in a larger sample with a direct comparison between the cemented versus uncemented groups. However, considering the good result achieved in the short term, it seems reasonable to use canal bone ratio in bipolar hemiarthroplasty as pre-operative template.