This study proposes to develop methodologies for public water supply quality control by implementing evaluation and control mechanisms and enhancing environmental health surveillance decision-making. These objectives were based on data for waterborne diseases recorded at the Rio de Janeiro State Health Department. We selected the following neighborhoods: Posse (1st Township) and Caioaba (5th Township), with dissimilar situations, allowing us to produce a model of water supply coverage in the Municipality of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro State. The study underscored the poor quality of the water supply in the two townships, since 61% of the samples were positive on bacteriological examination, showing the undesirable effects of differential sanitation, especially in developing countries.

There is a worldwide demand for decentralized wastewater treatment options. An on-site engineered ecosystem (EE) treatment plant was designed with a multistage approach for small wastewater generators in tropical areas. The array of treatment units included a septic tank, a submersed aerated filter, and a secondary decanter followed by three vegetated tanks containing aquatic macrophytes intercalated with one tank of algae. During 11 months of operation with a flow rate of 52 L h(-1), the system removed on average 93.2% and 92.9% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reaching final concentrations of 36.3 ± 12.7 and 13.7 ± 4.2 mg L(-1), respectively. Regarding ammonia-N (NH(4)-N) and total phosphorus (TP), the system removed on average 69.8% and 54.5% with final concentrations of 18.8 ± 9.3 and 14.0 ± 2.5 mg L(-1), respectively. The tanks with algae and macrophytes together contributed to the overall nutrient removal with 33.6% for NH(4)-N and 26.4% for TP. The final concentrations for all parameters except TP met the discharge threshold limits established by Brazilian and EU legislation. The EE was considered appropriate for the purpose for which it was created.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam extract on the removal of total solids (TS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), in different filter media for treating wastewater of dairy cattle breeding (DCW). The moringa seed extract was obtained by grinding 50 g of seeds in one liter of distilled water and, after passing the solution through a quantitative paper filter of 25 microns, 60 mL of the extract were added to wastewater from cattle breeding before the filtration process in organic filters made of thin coal, bamboo leaves, eucalyptus leaves, gliricidia branches and sawdust. This was followed by the completely randomized experimental design, adopting a factorial of 5 x 2. Aliquots of filtered effluent were collected and the total solids (TS) concentrations, total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined. It was found that the increase in the efficiency of removal of COD and total solids can be attributed to the coagulating power of the moringa seed extract, wherein the filter medium with bamboo leaves presented the best performance, showing potential for use as alternative filter material in the primary treatment of DCW.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar um modelo de gestão do marketing como estratégia para promoção do município saudável e sustentável em Miracema (RJ). A estrutura da pesquisa deu-se, primeiro, pela coleta de dados primários, com a realização de entrevistas com gestores municipais para conhecer o Sistema de Gestão Municipal e construir mapas participativos para diagnóstico dos problemas e conflitos. Segundo, uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, interpretando a percepção junto à população por meio de questionário estruturado da problemática no município. Na investigação de ferramentas e instrumentos para resposta à problemática no município de Miracema utilizou-se como referencial a matriz Pressão-Estado-Impacto-Resposta (PEIR). Com base no conhecimento produzido, elaborou-se a proposta de gestão do marketing no município baseada nos indicadores de resposta diagnosticados na esfera municipal. Miracema apresenta potencial para desenvolvimento nos setores primário e secundário. O agronegócio deve ser desenvolvido no modelo sustentável, em conformidade com políticas públicas capazes de promover a continuidade de investimentos. O mesmo aplica-se ao aproveitamento da matéria prima na indústria. Logo, o Zoneamento Econômico Ecológico do município contemplando o ambiente induz a ferramenta indispensável de sua viabilidade.

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