Objective: Neonatal sepsis has remained a public health concern and Nigeria is one of the leading contributors to the global phenomenon. As a prolog to update of the epidemiological situation, the objective of this paper is to present an introductory overview.Method: A narrative essay method was adopted. Focus is basic information starting with historical landmark and including preventive measures amongst others.Results: Neonatal sepsis has been known since the 1800s. It accounts for about 25% neonatal deaths. Preventive intervention by enforcement of hygienic practices can reduce hospital acquired infection rate from se 10% down to 2%. Conclusion:Enforcement of handwashing by carers is probably top of the necessary hygienic practices required for prevention. However, update on epidemiology is necessary.

Objective: Neonatal sepsis remains a public health issue in the world and Nigeria is not excepted. As a prelude to evaluation of the situation in a Bayelsa state community, the objective of this review was to establish what is already known with regards to epidemiological and socioeconomic factors.Method: A narrative method was adopted. On epidemiology, Nigeria was compared with in Sub-Saharan region and the world. Also, 10 years progress was assessed. On socioeconomic factors, focus was on determinants of neonatal infections and mortality.Results: There is evidence of approximately 0.2% decline in neonatal mortality in Nigeria relative to a global 0.5%. The decline has been consistent decline in global average, but not in Nigeria. In terms of socioeconomic determinants, the age, educational level, and residence of mother as well as birthing place are among the factors. Conclusion:In terms of what is known versus unknown regarding infectious control principles in NICU: there is evidence that enforcement among the healthcare workers improves compliance by staff and reduces neonatal nosocomial infections. What is unknown includes level of compliance in Bayelsa State NICUs and potential for improvement.