MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized in different ratios of MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 and TiO 2 precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL), and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The increase of MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 , in the hybrid nanocomposites’ core-shell structure, led to the decrease of anatase TiO 2 peaks, thus reducing the photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities. According to the obtained data, MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 [0.05 g]/TiO 2 showed the best photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities, having removed ~93% of MB (photo-Fenton reaction) and ~80% of phenol (photocatalytic reaction) after 20 and 80 mins, respectively. On the pilot scale (30 L), MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 [0.05 g]/TiO 2 was completely removed after 27 and 30 hours by the photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities, respectively. The synergistic effect gained from the combined photo-Fenton and photocatalytic activities of Fe 3 O 4 and TiO 2 , respectively, was credited for the performances of the MgAC-Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposites.

The high antimicrobial ability and low toxicity of zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) are claimed in our previous reports. In this study, we formulate a novel hand gel based on ZnAC and Opuntia humifusa (O. humifusa) extract, which is a high moisturizing agent. The antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, moisturizing effect, and clinical skin irritation of the hand gel are evaluated. The hand gel with 0.5 wt.% ZnAC and 1.0 v/v% O. humifusa extract can kill more than 99% Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) after 24 h. Toxicity evaluation shows that, the hand gel does not affect the viability of mammalian HaCaT cells. Additionally, skin moisture is increased by applying the hand gel while its viscosity is at the standard level of commercial products. The hand gel has a skin irritation index of 0.0 and is classified as a non-irritating product. We successfully formulated hand gel from ZnAC, glucomannan, glycerol, and O. humifusa extract. Owing to the high antimicrobial activity and skin protection of hand gels, they are suitable to be used as hand sanitizers in restaurants, hospitals, and homes effectively.

Although the range of choices of consumers has expanded due to the variety of products, ethical consumption is spreading by raising objections to social phenomena that cause risks such as waste of resources and destruction of the global environment. Cosmetic containers, which increase in proportion to the size of the global beauty industry, are thrown away as general waste, and research on container recycling or refilling cosmetics is lacking. The purpose is to help educational basic materials for the generation and marketing aspects for revitalization of refill cosmetics. For the empirical analysis of the study, 337 questionnaires were used as final data for beauty consumers in their 10s to 60s who have purchased refillable cosmetics living in Seoul and metropolitan areas. For the collected data, frequency analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed through SPSS 24.0. As a result of the analysis, ethical consumption consciousness was divided into two sub-dimensions: ‘trust in certified products’ (45.4%) and ‘resource saving’ (22.3%). The motivation for purchasing refill cosmetics was extracted from two sub-dimensions: ‘purchase promotion’ (42.7%) and ‘environmental protection’ (26.6%). In conclusion, it was found that the higher the propensity for ethical consumption awareness to trust certified products, the higher the purchase promotion of refillable cosmetics and environmental protection factors. This study has regional limitations, and in relation to the above study, we expect meaningful and active studies on the effect of refill cosmetic consumption on the sustainability management (ESG) of beauty companies. Consumers expect it to be an index to measure corporate social responsibility activities.

This study conducted a survey method to analyze the influence of the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship on the motivation to buy cosmetics based on the cognitive age of men and women in their teens and 50s with social media accounts. As a result, as a result of classifying cognitive age based on the actual age of the subjects and their perceived age, 'same cognitive group (61.2%)' > 'lower cognitive group (24.0%)' > 'higher cognitive group (14.8%)'. In the three groups, the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship showed a significant positive relationship, and the consumer-brand interaction and the motivation to buy cosmetics also showed a meaningful positive relationship. In addition, the consumer-brand relationship and the motivation to buy cosmetics also showed a significant positive relationship. Accordingly, the conclusion of this study was that the consumer-brand interaction and the consumer-brand relationship by subjective age group had a positive effect on the cosmetics purchase motive. As this study empirically analyzes the influence of cognitive age on cosmetics brand marketing in social media, it is considered to be a practical implication for establishing basic data and cosmetics sales strategies that can be used for marketing.

This paper describes the pattern synthesis of array antenna which conforms to a metallic curved surface formed by the rotation of a quadratic function by using EAGA(Enhanced Adaptive Genetic Algorithm). Three rotated-type conformal surfaces are realized by changing the coefficient of the quadratic function and the pattern of each conformal array antenna is synthesized. In order to reduce the overall time of pattern synthesis, the transformed active element pattern obtained by the active element pattern of the 2-dimensional planar array using Euler angles rotation is utilized instead of the active element pattern of the 3-dimensional conformal array antenna itself. To verify validity of the proposed synthesis procedure, the synthesized patterns using EAGA are compared with those obtained by MWS.