The use of various molecular techniques greatly assists breeders in the selection of parental pairs in directional crossing. The selection of forms with the desired properties at the stage of hybrid progeny is a very laborious work, especially in the selection of fruit crops. This is due to the long life cycle and the impossibility of identifying valuable traits in the first years of the life of a hybrid plant. The use of the definition of S-loci in the genotype of a hybrid of sweet cherry allows at the early stage, before entering fruiting, to isolate genotypes with valuable traits.

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18 species of cherries are collected for the preservation and study in the gene pool of the station. The following species P. sachalinensis, P. kurilensis, P. pensylvanica, P. incisa, P. serrullata, P. lannesiana, P. fruticosa separated by economically valuable traits, were involved in distant hybridization as a female parent. Cherry varieties, donors of large – fruited fruit, performed as a male parent. The article shows the yielding results of interspecies crossing, the patterns of inheritance of hybrid traits of early and late emergence from the condition of a deep dormant period and winter hardiness. According to the results of our research, we recommended the following species – P. lannesiana, P. serrullata, P. sachalinensis as donors of short onset, and as for late and long-lasting – P. pensylvanica, P. incisa, P. fruticosa. Species which transmit the sign of winter hardiness to their progeny – P. fruticosa, P. incisa and P. kurilensis.

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