Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility. Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.
Наведено результати дослідження впливу систем удобрення і попередників на динаміку показників ефективної родючості сірого лісового ґрунту. Встановлено, що більший вміст польової та значніші запаси продуктивної вологи, а також посилене накопичення легкогідролізного азоту, рухомих форм фосфору й калію, нестабільних гумусових речовин (лабільного та водорозчинного гумусу) мають місце протягом вегетації ячменю ярого як в зерно-кормовій, так і плодозмінній сівозмінах у варіантах з інтенсивною органо-мінеральною системою удобрення при внесенні безпосередньо під культуру N 60 Р 60 К 60 . Обґрунтовано вплив складових родючості ґрунту на урожайність та якість зерна ячменю ярого.Ключові слова: сівозміни, ячмінь ярий, удобрення, родючість ґрунту, поживний режим, лабільний гумус, водорозчинний гумус.
Restoration and optimisation of soil processes is an important task of modern agriculture and one of the reserves for increasing agricultural production. Under the current conditions, this becomes possible with the integrated introduction of ecologised fertiliser systems. The purpose of the study is to investigate the regularities of the development of biological features of grey forest soil, the interdependencies between them, and the productivity of winter wheat in ecologised fertiliser systems. The following methods were used in the study: field, laboratory and analytical, biochemical, mathematical and statistical. Patterns of changes in situ of cellulolytic, proteolytic, and actual dehydrogenase activities of the soil, the carbon content of labile humus, and the number and weight of winter wheat grains per unit area were similar to each other. There was a decrease in cellulolytic activity, the smallest increase in the remaining biological characteristics of the soil under the use of pea straw, compared to the control. The greatest cellulolytic or proteolytic activity occurred in pea straw + N30P45K45 + biostimulator + humus fertiliser or pea straw + N30P45K45 + biostimulator + microbiological fertiliser, respectively, dehydrogenase – in 2, and the content of labile humus – in the first of these 2 variants. The availability of carbon and nitrogen allowed explaining the identified patterns in a relevant way. The positive Pearson correlation coefficients between plant productivity and soil biological activity, labile humus content, and enzymatic activity, and the insignificant partial correlation coefficients between these variables are partly conditioned by multicollinearity and multivariate interdependencies. In the future, the research would provide a deeper understanding of the patterns of development of biological properties of the soil under ecological fertiliser systems. This would help to improve the elements of greening to adjust the ratio of potential and actual fertility to the optimal level. Scientific results can become a basic basis for the development of effective soil-protecting organic and mineral fertiliser systems for economic and industrial structures of various levels of intensity and financial viability
короткоротаційні сівозміни в системах землеробства Карпатського регіону За результатами довготривалих стаціонарних досліджень обґрунтовано вплив традиційних органомінеральних та альтернативних (із застосуванням соломи й сидерату на помірних мінеральних фонах) систем удобрення на формування гумусного режиму ґрунту, баланс поживних елементів та продуктивність сівозмін. Встановлено, що найвищі значення нестабільних органічних речовин під посівами пшениці озимої формуються в плодозмінній та зерно-кормовій сівозмінах. Залежно від систем удобрення показники лабільного гумусу тримаються в межах 411,36-467,07 мг/100 г (плодозмінна сівозміна) та 481,12-521,47 мг/100 г (зерно-кормова сівозміна), водорозчинного-відповідно 14,46-18,52 та 19,55-20,46 мг/100 г ґрунту. Доведено, що застосування на 1 га сівозмінної площі 8-10 т гною й мінеральних добрив у дозі N 45-69 Р 60-77 К 60-77 , а також зменшення їхньої кількості удвічі за умови заорювання сидерату, побічної продукції забезпечує позитивний баланс азоту, фосфору та калію в усіх досліджуваних сівозмінах. Найбільший вихід зернових одиниць отримано у зернових сівозмінах за внесення на гектар сівозмінної площі 10 т гною у поєднанні з мінеральними добривами у дозах N 51,2-66,2 Р 66,2-68,7 К 66,2-68,7 (4,00-4,41 т/га й 3,17-3,60 т/га). Максимальний вихід кормових одиниць отримано в плодозмінній (5,94-6,96 т/га залежно від системи удобрення) і зерно-кормовій (5,46-6,56 т/га) сівозмінах. Застосування на гектар сівозмінної площі 8-10 т гною й мінеральних добрив у дозі N 45-69 Р 60-77 К 60-77 , а також зменшення їхньої кількості удвічі за умови заорювання сидерату, побічної продукції в короткоротаційних сівозмінах забезпечує високий рівень їхньої продуктивності, позитивний баланс основних елементів живлення рослин, активізує гумусотвірні процеси в ґрунті, що сприяє накопиченню нестабільних гумусових речовин. Ключові слова: сівозміни, продуктивність, системи удобрення, родючість ґрунту. Kachmar O., Vavrynovych O., Dubytskyi O., Dubytska A., Shcherba M., Vovk A. Scientifically substantiated short crop rotations in the systems of arable farming in the Carpathian region The results of long-term stationary studies substantiate the influence of traditional organic-mineral and alternative (with the use of straw and siderate on moderate mineral backgrounds) fertilization systems on the formation of humus soil regime, nutrient balance, and crop rotation productivity. It is established that the highest values of unstable organic matter under winter wheat crops are formed in fruit-bearing and grain-forage crop rotations and, depending on the fertilization systems, indicators of labile humus are in the range of 411.36-467.07 mg/100 g (fruit-bearing) and 481.12-521.47 mg/100 g (grain-forage), water-soluble one-14.46-18.52 and 19.55-20.46 mg/100 g of soil respectively. It is argued that application of 8-10 tons of manure and mineral fertilizers at a rate of N 45-69 P 60-77 K 60-77 per one hectare of crop rotation area, as well as reduction of their volume twice with plowing of siderate and by-pro...
One of the strategic areas for the development of modern agriculture is the use of ecologised fertiliser systems composed based on the straw of agricultural crops with the addition of microbiological, humus or chelated fertilisers. This will allow restoring natural resources and getting environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of ecologised fertiliser systems on the physical and chemical processes and nitrogen regime of grey forest soil, the development of bio-productivity of winter wheat, and the content of basic microelements in grain. The following methods were used in the research: field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Application of N30P45K45 against the background of pea straw with the addition of a biostimulator and humus fertiliser mostly demonstrated modern approaches to technologies for managing the fertility of grey forest soils based on the principles of environmental safety and resource conservation. Such a fertiliser system provided alkalinisation of the soil solution, optimisation of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, improvement of the soil nitrogen regime. Under such conditions, optimal parameters of the production process elements (the number and mass of grains in the head) were formed. The most effective in the processes of accumulation of microelements was the organo-mineral system of the following composition: pea straw + N30R45K45 + chelated fertiliser. No excess of the maximum permissible concentration for Cu, Zn, Mn, or Fe was detected. Thus, to harmonise the ecological and productive functions of grey forest soil in the winter wheat cultivation system, a combination of alternative agriculture, which consists in reducing the use of mineral fertilisers, and partial biologisation, is considered promising. This is a way to optimise soil fertility and bio-productivity
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.