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Rapid technological renewal and digitalization of the economy entail transformation of labor relations and an intensive change in the content of labor. The current reality forces us to revise our views on methods of assessing the social and labor sphere and the human factor in the economy. Human capital is regarded as a generally recognized factor in social and economic development. The results of numerous studies of human capital do not yet provide an unambiguous answer about the degree of its direct impact on the nature and dynamics of economic growth. At the same time, a review of the results of many empirical studies yields a conclusion about a stable relationship between human capital and the dynamics of economic development. In the study of human capital, the significance of the region is very high, since the behavioral, activity and systemic characteristics of the development of society, including economic potential, are formed primarily at this level. To identify the prerequisites and conditions that affect the formation of regional human capital, the analysis of the state and development trends of human capital should be supplemented with the characteristics of the socio-economic environment, where this process takes place. The authors use an updated version of the MRW model to assess the contribution of the human capital in Kaliningrad region, the Russian exclave, to its socio-economic development, and to determine the parameters of the socio-economic development of the region that can be treated as an integral part of its human capital. The accumulated human capital realized through labor potential becomes in turn a key factor in the economic development.

The paper considers the processes, main factors and features of the formation and development of human resources in Kaliningrad region in the context of metamorphosis of socio-economic systems. The object of research is metamorphosis in socio-economic systems, and the subject of research is human capital as the basis for changes in these systems. The authors attempted to study the development trends of the socio-economic system of an individual in order to identify local groups of people, communities, whose ‘genetic’ memory and intelligence form the present and the future. Three metamorphoses are identified in the history of Kaliningrad region: in the period of 1945–1950, in 1991–1996, and the metamorphosis that has started in recent years and is associated with Hi-Tech development, digitalization of the economy and harmonization of the life of people. Harmonization of society in the 21st century is based on digital and technological platforms, revolutionary changes in biotechnology, energy, transport, and contactless communications within the concept of an inevitable transition from digital economy to the economy of wisdom. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of the ongoing metamorphosis and showed its necessity and lack of alternatives. The authors considered the relationship between migration flows and changes in the regional socio-economic system and concluded that metamorphoses are inevitable for harmonization of the life of regional societies. The study of the unique experience of the Kaliningrad society, which is in a state of permanent experiment, can help to find explanations and approaches to the control of transformation processes.

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