The article discusses the issues of agricultural crops varieties resistance in relation to various natural and climatic factors. The damage from the occurrence of emergencies in agricultural production is 95% of the damage arising in crop production. Therefore, crop insurance with state support has significant development potential, especially in regions with dry, sharply continental climate (for example, in the Samara region). At the same time, the impulse associated with the Federal Law No. 260-FZ adoption was completely exhausted and in recent years there has been a decrease in the crop insurance with state support (including the number of contracts, amount of covered area, insurance coverage, etc.). One of the reasons for this is the high cost of insurance rates. To reduce it, it is proposed to introduce the concept of “crop yields sustainability” and calculate the insurance rate depending on the productivity of a particular variety, shown for a long time in climatic conditions similar to farm conditions. To do this, one can use the array of data on crop yields of various varieties obtained by research institutes in the framework of the project “The World Collection”. Negative deviations from the average yield with the same cultivation technology and soil parameters form losses of agricultural producers due to the biological characteristics of this variety and its response to prevailing weather conditions. Thus, it is possible to adjust the amount of insurance payments, reducing them for those varieties that guarantee stable yield for the farms in a given territory.

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Ключевые слова: сельскохозяйственное производство; структура производства сельскохозяйственной продукции региона; импортозамещающая продукция сельского хозяйства. В статье проведен ретроспективный динамический анализ предпринимательских структур в сфере аграрного производства в Ставропольском крае. Было выявлено снижение общего количества предпринимательских структур в регионе за последние 5 лет на 11,5 %. Сельскохозяйственные организации на конец 2018 г. производят существенную долю такой сельскохозяйственной продукции, как зерновые культуры (82,5 %), семена подсолнечника (87,0 %), мясо всех видов (76,1 %). В то же время, их доля в производстве других сельскохозяйственных продуктов незначительна. На основании результатов ретроспективного анализа сельскохозяйственных организаций были выявлены направления импортозамещающего производства: овощей открытого грунта в растениеводстве и молока в животноводстве.

Soy is a unique leguminous crop, the grain of which is used by the processing industry for the production of protein concentrate, vegetable fat, biofuels, and concentrated feed. The experiments were laid in 2008-2011 and 2017-2019, at the experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. Soybean varieties were sown: precocious - Lira (St1) and Selecta 101, early-ripening - Duar (St2) and Selecta 201, medium-ripe - Vilana (St3) and Selecta 302. In the conditions of the Stavropol upland, the duration of the growing season from germination to the ripening of soybeans in the precocious group was 106 days, early-ripening - 119, middle-ripening - 130 days. The greatest dependence of the grain harvest was in July, the yield by 71.6% was determined by the influence of meteorological conditions. In August, the yield dependence decreased, but is still very noticeable, the yield by 51.5% was determined by the influence of the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures greater than 10 °C. The yield of soybean grain varied in: precocious varieties from 1.49 to 1.52 t/ha, early–ripening - from 1.70 to 1.78 t/ha, medium-ripened - from 1.64 to 1.77 t/ha. The highest quality grain was obtained by growing the early-ripening Duar variety (St2), the crude protein content was 41.3%, and vegetable fat - 22.3%. When growing this variety, 0.662 t/ha of vegetable protein and 0.357 t/ha of vegetable fat were obtained.

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