The goal of the article is to carry out a comprehensive study of theoretical and practical development of innovative technologies in the energy industry through the energy trilemma "energy efficiencyenergy security -environmental sustainability". Transformation of the world energy industry is accompanied by a change in the dominant types of fuel in the energy balance, technological and organizational innovations, expansion and optimization of the supply chain. The current stage of the international energy market transformation is described by a growth of demand for energy supply, intensified use of renewable energy sources, and increase in the energy efficiency. Respectively, the investments in the energy industry should be spent on the creation and implementation of solutions that will meet the growing demand, compensation of the decline in energy supply production from the existing oil and gas fields, and the development of the infrastructure of traditional and renewable energy resources. The article uses the content, analytical, statistical and functional methods of research to explore the current state and trends in the transformation of the global energy industry, the main areas of which are the development of nontraditional hydrocarbon (shale gas and oil sands) and renewable energy sources (RES); the use of these sources on the basis of technological innovation is considered to be more efficient. The following conclusions have been made based on the materials presented in the article: the use of various nonconventional hydrocarbon fields will spread in the energy industry in the coming decades; the specific weight of new technologies applied to production and consumption of energy derived from renewable sources, in particular, will increase; transition from the use of renewable energy sources of the first order to the use of renewable energy of the second order should be expected in the long term; and new energy servicing technologies based on the concept of smart grids will be introduced, along with the development of technologies for the extraction of energy resources.

ABSTRACT. North Caucasus is a diverse region at the border of Europe and Asia that belongs simultaneously to the modern civilization and historical traditions, and is populated with numerous multi-language, multiconfessional nationalities that speak a variety of languages and follow diverse traditions, carefully guarding their distinctiveness. Our paper sets up a goal of studying the processes and the mechanisms of modernizing regional economy on the case study of this unique region. The paper confronts the typical view about the similarity and differences of traditional economies supported by different economic research schools and opens opportunities for scientific (dialectical) analysis of a mechanism, non-customary in the modern society, of modernizing traditional economies inevitably present in the "pore spaces" of the global economy. We substantiate a special methodology for studying traditional economies, characterizing their essence, showing the methodological difficulties of analyzing traditional economies, exposing the specifics of their system-wide organization, studying the non-economic sphere in a traditional economy, and describing the mechanism of modernizing a traditional economy.

The world economy is currently becoming involved into a most dangerous crisis of systemic nature: into the transition from postindustrial type economy to post-economy of artificial intelligence (AI). The portent to such a "transition crisis" manifests itself in the fact that the wage level has become stable in all industrially developed countries, however, the center of revolutionary qualitative change has by now shifted to a change of the employment structurethe proportion of less qualified workers group keeps decreasing, what is more, exponentially. Meanwhile, bearing in mind that live labor is the major source of increment of national wealth in sustainable postindustrial economy, it can be stated that it has reached the limit of its constructive capacities and urgently demands bringing the "personal factor" of production beyond boundaries of the latter. It is "post-economy of artificial intelligence" that is up to this imperative. It is characterized by the priority of the new source of energy and social communicating technology, it forms a brand-new economic basis which exceeds the potential of postindustrial production. What actually happens is the transition from the "economy of scarcity" to the "economy of abundance". This entails new architectonics of a social order. In post-economy of artificial intelligence, software-controlled production, service and transaction structures gain the global nature initially. As a result, "artificial intelligence" appears to be the creative software. In the new situation, the emergence of more complicated forms of economy is inevitable. Market institutionscompetition, innovation, marketabilitywill be put to comprehensive tests too. A bunch of theoretical questions arise that can be answered by the economic science. It is searching for answers to the set questions that is in the focus of attention of this paper.

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НЕОТЪЕМЛЕМЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ НАУЧНОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИНаучным является такое знание, которое в рациональной форме отражает объек-тивные свойства объективных процессов, -это единственное условие и единствен-ный критерий научности всякого знания, как бы это ни силились опровергнуть люби-тели псевдонаучного шарлатанства.