SummaryAllium Tuncelianum is a garlic species which is locally produced in Tunceli, Turkey. Garlic contains several biologically active compounds known as organosulfur compounds which are reported to have anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects. Present study examined the in vitro antigenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of A. Tuncelianum in human lymphocyte cells by chromosome aberration test. Samples of A. Tuncelianum were extracted by ethanol using soxhlet extractor. The extract was tested on human lymphocyte cell culture in vitro chromosome aberration test. The effect of ethanol extract of A. Tuncelianum at concentrations of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 µl/mL were screened for chromatid and chromosome breaks, chromosome exchange as well as chromatid union and polyploid cells against negative acetone and positive control Mitomycine C. A significant decrease in the frequency of chromosomal aberration was observed for all treatments with A. Tuncelianum ethanol extract at 24 h. In conclusion, ethanol extract of A. tuncelianum significantly reduced the chromosomal aberration rate as compared with the culture treated with MMC. The results could also indicate that A. Tuncelianum could be protective against mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds when consumed through the diet.

Abstract:Reuse of water is necessary in Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ) due to excessive use of groundwater in semi-arid Turkey. Membrane treatment of the OIZ wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents should be explored for new treatment options. In this study, three different UF membranes with variable molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) values (4, 10, and 250 kDa) were used to treat the effluent of an OIZ WWTP at laboratory scale. Six different nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were used for the effluent of UF membranes to evaluate the difference in the membrane filtration performance and the water quality. Effluent electrical conductivity (EC) values of NF membranes were 1.77 ± 0.17, 3.73 ± 0.27, and 4.20 ± 0.23 ms/cm for NF (NF90, NF270, and TM610) membranes, respectively while they were 0.83 ± 0.47, 1.17 ± 0.47, and 1.13 ± 0.57 ms/cm for RO (XLE, AD90, and BW30) membranes, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images showed severe biofouling in UF 4 kDa and UF 10 kDa membranes whereas UF 250 kDa membrane showed larger metal precipitates and little bacterial fouling. The results indicated that OIZ WWTP effluent could be reused as irrigation water according to Turkish regulations with UF 250 kDa and RO-XLE membranes, effectively.

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SummaryIn this study, minimum inhibitor concentrations of acetone and ethyl alcohol extracts of Plantago major L. leaves on predetermined bacteria species was determinbed by Macrodilution liquid (tube) method. Both extracts were tested for nine bacteria species (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritidis). Ethyl alcohol extract showed no antibacterial activity against all species (except for E. coli and B. cereus), but acetone extract was effective on selected bacteria species in different concentrations. Keywords: Antibacterial effect, Plantago major L, Extract, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria Gram Pozitif ve Gram Negatif Bakteriler üzerine Plantago major L.'nin Etanol ve Aseton Ekstraktlarının Antibakteriyel Etkisi

Thymus serpyllum'un metanolik ekstraktı ve sulfadimidinin antikoksidial aktiviteleri deneysel olarak Eimeria ile enfekte edilmiş tavşanlarda karşılaştırılarak çalışıldı. Bu çalışmada sulfadimidin ve Thymus serpyllum'un metanolik ekstraktının oosist atılımı ve canlı ağırlık değişimleri üzerine etkileri gösterildi. Tavşanlar her birinde 6 hayvan bulunan 3 gruba ayrıldı. I. grup pozitif kontrol grubu (infekte, tedavi edilmemiş grup), II. grup ekstrakt grubu (infekte, Thymus serpyllum'un metanolik ekstraktı ile tedavi edilmiş grup) ve III. grup ilaç grubu (infekte, sulfadimidin ile tedavi edilmiş grup) olarak düzenlendi. Bütün gruplardaki tavşanlar 500.000 oosist ile infekte edilirken, grup II oral yolla tek doz 100 mg/kg canlı ağırlık dozda ekstraktla ve grup III oral yolla tek doz 2 g/kg canlı ağırlık dozda sulfadimidinle tedavi edildi. Dışkı ile oosist atılımları 36 günlük periyotta günlük olarak sayıldı. Sayımlarda II. grup, grup I ve III'e göre daha düşük bulundu. Thymus serpyllum'un metanolik ekstraktı ile tedavi edilen II. gruptaki tavşanların canlı ağırlıkları 24. günden itibaren grup I ve III'e göre daha yüksekti. Ancak sadece 8. günde grup II ağırlık değişimleri diğer gruplara göre önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur.