The aim of this study was to analyze the individual and combined antimicrobial effects of avocado seed (Persea americana) and ketepeng cina leaf (Cassia alata) methanol extracts against Staphylococcus epidermidis using the Kirby Bauer assay. Variations in the proportions of P. americana to C. alata (A: K) extracts were 4: 0 mg/mL, 8: 0 mg/mL, 12: 0 mg/mL, 0: 4 mg/mL, 0: 8 mg/mL, 0: 12 mg/mL, 4: 4 mg/mL, 4: 8 mg/mL, 4: 12 mg/mL, 8: 4 mg/mL, and 12: 4 mg/mL respectively, and the tests were executed in four replicates. The positive controls used were Clindamycin and Chloramphenicol, while the negative was DMSO. After 24 hours of incubation, zones of inhibition were exhibited by the experimental group and positive control, but not by the negative test. The largest diameters from the methanol extract of P. americana seeds and C. alata leaves singly at strengths of 12 mg/mL were 5.96 mm and 9 mm, while the mixture at various concentrations showed the pattern of growth organism as an indifferent (additive) effect.

The production of second-generation bioethanol as renewable energy has developed very rapidly and has become a promising alternative energy source. Bioethanol production using biomass can be obtained alternatively from cellulose in wood, sawdust, organic waste, and agricultural waste. This research used termites obtained from Indralaya peatland area as organisms that can decompose cellulose into glucose with the cellulase enzymes produced by bacteria in their digestive tract. Cellulases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulose into glucose. The study aimed to isolate and identify of cellulolytic bacteria from termite gut obtained from Indralaya peatland area. The bacterial isolates were classified by using morphological and biochemical standard methods, and identification based on Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Cellulolytic bacteria of termite gut were isolated and cultured on CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) agar medium. The activity of cellulolytic bacterial was conducted based on halo area and cellulolytic index on CMC agar medium. Among 64 isolates of bacteria, 24 isolates were identified as cellulolytic bacteria. Futhermore, our isolates with higher cellulolytic index were identified as the Staphylococcus, Microbacterium, Bacillus, and Brevibacterium genus.

No abstract

Community service activities are conducted by education and training. The ultimate goal is to provide students with an understanding of 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) waste management by training students about the various crafts that can be made with wastebased. The results of the activities show a satisfactory response in which participants have high enthusiasm in improving knowledge and skills based on (reduce, reuse and recycle) waste management. The resulting products are decorative lamps of used plastic waste bottles. Hierarchy of waste management are reduce waste product, reuse waste product, recycle waste product and disposal area as a last alternative. It is expected that the participants will apply the principle of waste management with 3R method in their daily life.