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Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is a crucial substitute therapy in management of bleeding; producing plasma from whole blood stored within 24 h offers operational flexibility and leukocyte filtration significantly reduce transfusion reactions, it is necessary to consider the impact of these plasma preparations on clotting factors activity. Total of 75 plasma samples collected from 25 blood donors distributed as 3 groups; FFP (Group A), leukocyte filtrated FFP (Group B) and plasma frozen within 24 h i.e. PF24 (Group C), for all samples prothrombin time (PT), INR, (APTT), Factors V, VII, VIII, IX levels and Fibrinogen were done, also comparing coagulation factors levels in FFP in different blood groups. There were significant difference between three groups in (PT), INR and (APTT): (P = 0.00). Concerning Factor VII: significant difference (P = 0.03) between the three groups, FFP had a significantly higher level of FVII compared to filtrated FFP (98.92 vs. 82.52%; P = 0.02), while no significant difference between FFP and PF24 was detected (P = 0.76). Factor VIII: had significant difference (P = 0.00) between the three groups, FFP and Filtrated FFP had no significant difference regarding level of FVIII (P = 0.72), but FFP had significantly higher level of FVIII compared to PF24 (P \ 0.05). Concerning Fibrinogen level: no significant difference between FFP and filtrated FFP (P = 0.99), while FFP had a higher level versus PF24 (P \ 0.05). On the Contrary, no significant difference between three groups in Factor V: (P = 0.22) and Factor IX: (P = 0.12). ABO blood group effect on studied parameters in FFP: FVIII was statistically higher in Non-O blood group (P = 0.03), other factors had no statistical differences (P [ 0.05). The leukocyte filtration of FFP did not affect the majority of coagulation factors activities, although FVII level was reduced, it stills enough for surgical hemostasis. The PF24 resulted in reduced FVIII and fibrinogen levels but no significant changes in FV, FVII or FIX, thus, can be used for FFP indications except that specifically requiring replacement of FVIII and/or fibrinogen as Hemophilia or DIC. No significant difference in coagulation factors of FFP between O and non-O blood groups except FVIII that was reduced in O blood group.

BackgroundLupus nephritis (LN) is a common manifestation among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in over 50%. One major determinant of poor prognosis among patients with SLE is renal involvement (1). Available renal biomarkers that measure the degree of SLE renal disease activity are too insensitive to allow for early identification of patients with active SLE nephritis, prohibiting early initiation of therapy to avoid permanent renal damage (2). Lipocalin-2 was regarded a novel biomarker in various types of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases (3,4).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to detect the levels of urinary lipocalin-2 excretion in SLE patients, to determine its association with SLE disease activity focusing on nephritis and to assess its value in predicting changes of SLE disease activity.MethodsThe study included 50 adult SLE patients met 1997 revised ACR classification criteria for SLE and 20 matched healthy controls. Patients were clinically and laboratory evaluated. Activity was assessed using SLEDAI score. SLE patients were classified into 2 groups (with LN and without LN) based on renal parameters of SLEDAI score. Urinary lipocalin-2 levels were measured using ELISA in SLE patients and controls. Twenty five of included patients were enrolled in a longitudinal study one year after the initial visit. SLEDAI score, laboratory investigation and urinary lipocalin-2 levels were assessed and compared with their initial values.ResultsUrinary lipocalin-2 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients (13.2±2.44 ng/ml) compared with normal controls (1.70±0.23 ng/ml) (p=0.004). Among SLE patients, urinary lipocalin-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with LN (22.95±4.41 ng/ml; n=22) than in those without LN (5.39±1.54 ng/ml; n=28) (p=0.000). Urinary lipocalin-2 of patients with LN correlated significantly with the renal SLEDAI score (r=0.790, p=0.000), but not with extrarenal disease activity. Within follow up group, urinary lipocalin-2 levels showed significant difference when compared between with and without LN groups (p =0.016). Change in total and renal SLEDAI scores were associated with change of urinary lipocalin-2 levels within follow up group but none of these changes reached statistical significance.ConclusionsUrinary lipocalin-2 is a potential biomarker for renal disease activity in adult SLE patients and its serial measurements may be valuable in predict worsening of SLE disease activity.ReferencesBastian HM, Alarcon GS, Roseman JM, McGwin G Jr, Vila LM, Fessler BJ, Reveille JD. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multi-ethnic US cohort (LUMINA) XLII: Factors predictive of new or worsening proteinuria. Rheumatology 2007; 46:683–9Ho A, Barr SG, Magder LS, Petri M. A decrease in complement is associated with increased renal and hematologic activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2350–2357Bolignano D, Donato V, Coppolino G, Campo S, Buemi A, Lacquaniti A, Beumi M. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL...

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