To highlight issues and challenges of the Load Balancing Algorithm (LBA) in the context of cloud computing. The authors of this work discussed load balancing and the load balancing problems in cloud computing, how to solve them, the basic techniques used to maintain load over the cloud, and the benefits and drawbacks of these algorithms. Furthermore, the static and dynamic load balancing strategies are compared. Load balancing methods in the cloud for data centers must avoid VM overload/low load, which is a challenge in cloud computing. Load balancing mechanisms aid in the management of workloads. The primary goal of load balancing among machines is to spread workloads and computing resources across one or more servers while lowering energy consumption and maximizing resource usage. Cloud computing is a type of computing in which scalable resources are made available on-demand and are frequently virtual, as in an online service. For a variety of reasons, including cost saving, speed, efficiency, performance, and security, cloud computing has recently become a popular choice for individuals and enterprises. Cloud computing uses the Internet to deliver a variety of services to a company's computers and devices. These resources can include data storage, databases, servers, networks, and software, among other tools and applications. In this paper, developers and researchers must design and construct a load balancer e for parallel and distributed cloud systems.